refactor: replace smartstring with tristr across the codebase

Co-authored-by: GLM-5.3 <glm@z.ai>
2026-10-27 16:22:11 +08:00 · 2026-10-27 06:55:10 +08:00 · 2026-10-27 06:47:53 +08:00 · 2026-10-25 16:24:26 +00:00 · 2026-10-25 15:35:18 +00:00 · 2026-10-25 09:34:09 +00:00
107 changed files with 1226 additions and 1357 deletions
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@

  "features": {
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/node:2": {
-      "version": "24.22.0",
-      "pnpmVersion": "12.14.0"
+      "version": "24.22.1",
+      "pnpmVersion": "12.15.0"
    },
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/rust:1": {
      "version": "1.99.1",
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Issue Guidelines / Issue 提交指引
+
+Use these suggestions to make reports easier to assess. State what you observed
+and what you could not verify; unknown details are fine.
+
+以下建议有助于维护者评估问题。请说明实际观察到的现象和无法确认的部分；未知信息可以留空。
+
+- Search existing issues by symptom, conditions, and outcome. Add new evidence
+  to an existing report when it describes the same problem.
+  按现象、条件和结果搜索已有 Issue。若描述的是同一问题，请在原 Issue 中补充新证据。
+- Keep each issue to one distinct user problem or requested outcome. Split
+  unrelated findings instead of bundling an audit or checklist.
+  每个 Issue 聚焦一个独立的问题或需求结果；无关发现请拆开，不要把审计清单打包成一个 Issue。
+- For bugs, include the version, operating system, steps, and actual versus
+  expected behavior when known. A root-cause diagnosis is not required. Share
+  only relevant logs and redact tokens or personal information.
+  反馈 Bug 时，尽可能提供版本、操作系统、复现步骤及实际与预期行为。无需先判断根因；只提供相关日志，并遮盖令牌和个人信息。
+- For feature requests, describe the user task, current limitation, desired
+  outcome, and affected platforms. An implementation proposal is optional.
+  提交功能请求时，请描述用户要完成的任务、当前限制、期望结果和适用平台；实现方案不是必填项。
+- Separate observations from guesses. An AI or scanner finding is a hypothesis
+  until its affected configuration, concrete impact, and supporting evidence
+  are stated; do not present a list of theoretical risks as confirmed bugs.
+  区分观察结果和推测。AI 或扫描器的发现应先视为假设；请说明受影响的配置、具体影响和支持证据，不要把理论风险清单写成已确认的 Bug。
+- Do not post secrets, personal data, or sensitive exploit details in a public
+  issue. Ask maintainers how to share sensitive security information safely.
+  请勿在公开 Issue 中发布密钥、个人信息或敏感利用细节；如涉及安全敏感信息，请先询问维护者如何安全提供。
+- AI assistance is welcome; human contributors do not need to disclose it. If
+  an AI agent or automation creates or co-authors an issue, add a final body line
+  such as `Assisted by: GPT-5.6 High`. Omit effort when the runtime does not
+  report it. Disclosure is transparency only, not evidence for or against issue
+  quality.
+  欢迎使用 AI 辅助，人工提交者无需披露。如果 Issue 由 AI Agent 或自动化创建或共同撰写，请在正文末尾添加披露行，例如 `Assisted by: GPT-5.6 High`。运行环境未提供 effort 时可省略。披露仅用于提高透明度，不作为 Issue 质量的正面或负面证据。
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ body:
      value: |
        ## 在提交问题之前，请确认以下事项：

+        提交前可参考 [Issue 提交指引](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/blob/dev/.github/ISSUE_GUIDELINES.md)，说明可观察到的问题和证据；不确定的原因请标为猜测。
+
        1. 请 **确保** 您已经查阅了 [Clash Verge Rev 官方文档](https://clash-verge-rev.github.io/guide/term.html)  以及 [常见问题](https://clash-verge-rev.github.io/faq/windows.html)
        2. 请 **确保** [已有的问题](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/issues?q=is%3Aissue) 中没有人提交过相似 issue，否则请在已有的 issue 下进行讨论
        3. 请 **务必** 给 issue 填写一个简洁明了的标题，以便他人快速检索
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@ body:

        ## Before submitting the issue, please make sure of the following checklist:

+        See the [Issue guidelines](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/blob/dev/.github/ISSUE_GUIDELINES.md) for how to describe observed behavior and evidence; mark uncertain causes as hypotheses.
+
        1. Please make sure you have read the [Clash Verge Rev official documentation](https://clash-verge-rev.github.io/guide/term.html) and [FAQ](https://clash-verge-rev.github.io/faq/windows.html)
        2. Please make sure there is no similar issue in the [existing issues](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/issues?q=is%3Aissue), otherwise please discuss under the existing issue
        3. Please be sure to fill in a concise and clear title for the issue so that others can quickly search
@@ -9,12 +9,16 @@ body:
    attributes:
      value: |
        ## 在提交问题之前，请确认以下事项：
+        可参考 [Issue 提交指引](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/blob/dev/.github/ISSUE_GUIDELINES.md)，描述用户任务、当前限制和期望结果。
+
        1. 请 **确保** 您已经查阅了 [Clash Verge Rev 官方文档](https://clash-verge-rev.github.io/guide/term.html) 确认软件不存在类似的功能
        2. 请 **确保** [已有的问题](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/issues?q=is%3Aissue) 中没有人提交过相似 issue，否则请在已有的 issue 下进行讨论
        3. 请 **务必** 给issue填写一个简洁明了的标题，以便他人快速检索
        4. 请 **务必** 先下载 [AutoBuild](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/releases/tag/autobuild) 版本测试，确保该功能还未实现
        5. 请 **务必** 按照模板规范详细描述问题，否则 issue 将会被关闭
        ## Before submitting the issue, please make sure of the following checklist:
+        See the [Issue guidelines](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/blob/dev/.github/ISSUE_GUIDELINES.md) for describing the user task, current limitation, and desired outcome.
+
        1. Please make sure you have read the [Clash Verge Rev official documentation](https://clash-verge-rev.github.io/guide/term.html) to confirm that the software does not have similar functions
        2. Please make sure there is no similar issue in the [existing issues](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/issues?q=is%3Aissue), otherwise please discuss under the existing issue
        3. Please be sure to fill in a concise and clear title for the issue so that others can quickly search
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 ## Problem

-What breaks or what is missing. Link the issue if one exists (`Fixes #123`).
+What breaks or what is missing. Product bug fixes and features require a
+pre-existing issue; link it here (`Fixes #123` only when this PR fully resolves
+it). Maintenance work (such as chore, perf, docs, refactor, test, CI/build,
+dependency, style, routine localization, or release changes) does not require
+an issue link; link one when it defines the scope. For reverts, link the PR or
+commit being reverted. For security-sensitive fixes that cannot be tracked
+publicly, follow maintainer-approved private tracking.

 ## Approach

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - name: Pnpm Cache
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - name: Pnpm Cache
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - name: Pnpm Cache
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6.1.0
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
        if: github.event.inputs[matrix.input] == 'true'
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - name: Pnpm Cache
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        if: steps.check_frontend.outputs.frontend == 'true'
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - name: Restore pnpm cache
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        if: steps.check_inputs.outputs.contract == 'true'
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - name: Install pnpm
        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - name: Install pnpm
        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
-          node-version: '24.22.0'
+          node-version: '24.22.1'

      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
        name: Install pnpm
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-nodejs 24.22.0
-pnpm 12.14.0
+nodejs 24.22.1
+pnpm 12.15.0
 rust 1.99.1
@@ -18,22 +18,25 @@ These rules apply to every change, whether human- or agent-authored. They match
 the ownership evidence the AI-slop review evaluates (see
 [`pr-ai-slop-review.md`](.github/workflows/pr-ai-slop-review.md)).

-1. **Issue first.** Non-trivial changes require a pre-existing issue describing
-   the problem. If none exists, ask the maintainers to open or approve one
-   before implementing.
+1. **Issue first.** Product bug fixes and features require a pre-existing issue;
+   self-scoped maintenance work does not. Follow the PR template for linkage and
+   revert references. If a required issue is missing, ask maintainers to open or
+   approve one before implementing. For security-sensitive fixes that cannot be
+   tracked publicly, follow maintainer-approved private tracking.
 2. **Scope discipline.** Every changed file must be justifiable from the linked
-   issue. No drive-by refactors, renames, formatting churn, or dependency bumps
-   unrelated to the problem being fixed.
+   issue or the stated PR scope. No drive-by refactors, renames, formatting
+   churn, or dependency bumps unrelated to the work.
 3. **Author accountability.** AI assistance is welcome, but the contributor owns
   the result: understand the change, describe the problem and approach in your
   own words, and verify the change against the reported behavior before
   submitting.
 4. **Tests are justified, not default.** Do not add tests, test scaffolding, or
-   speculative defensive code unless the linked issue demands them. When a test
-   is genuinely necessary — it reproduces the reported regression or guards
-   behavior whose breakage would otherwise go unnoticed — keep it minimal and
-   state in the PR body why it is needed. Bulk test files and defensive
-   programming for hypothetical failure modes are PR bloat, not rigor.
+   speculative defensive code unless the linked issue or stated task demands
+   them. When a test is genuinely necessary — it reproduces the reported
+   regression or guards behavior whose breakage would otherwise go unnoticed —
+   keep it minimal and state in the PR body why it is needed. Bulk test files
+   and defensive programming for hypothetical failure modes are PR bloat, not
+   rigor.
 5. **Comments state constraints, not narration.** Write a comment only for a
   non-obvious constraint the code cannot express; never restate what the code
   does.
@@ -44,13 +47,12 @@ the ownership evidence the AI-slop review evaluates (see
   real evidence instead: reproduction steps, failure output, targeted tests.
 8. **Minimal diffs.** Match the surrounding code's style, naming, and comment
   density. Do not introduce new dependencies or restructure working code unless
-   the issue demands it.
-9. **Disclose AI automation.** When an agent produces or co-produces a change,
-   append a footer line to the PR body with the model and effort used (e.g.
-   `Assisted by: GPT-5.6 High`). The PR template intentionally omits this line —
-   the agent adds it itself, humans are not asked to declare anything. Effort may
-   be omitted when the runtime does not report it. Disclosure is transparency
-   only; it does not substitute for any rule above.
+   the linked issue or stated task demands it.
+9. **Disclose AI automation.** When an agent creates or co-creates a PR or Issue,
+   append a final body line with the model and effort used (e.g.
+   `Assisted by: GPT-5.6 High`). Effort may be omitted when the runtime does not
+   report it. Human contributors are not asked to disclose AI assistance.
+   Disclosure is transparency only and carries no positive or negative weight.
 10. **Compiled workflows.** The AI-slop review policy in
    [pr-ai-slop-review.md](.github/workflows/pr-ai-slop-review.md) is compiled:
    after editing it, run `gh aw compile` and commit the regenerated
@@ -59,8 +61,10 @@ the ownership evidence the AI-slop review evaluates (see
    [`template/Changelog.md`](template/Changelog.md): one line per
    user-visible change, no internals.

-## Pull Request Shape
+## Issue and PR Workflows

-Describe three things, briefly: the problem (with issue link), why this approach
-solves it, and what changed. See
-[`PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md`](.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md).
+When drafting, triaging, splitting, or implementing from a community issue, use
+the conditional checklist in [`.github/ISSUE_GUIDELINES.md`](.github/ISSUE_GUIDELINES.md).
+Do not make GitHub issue changes without explicit authorization. For PRs, follow
+the directly loaded [PR template](.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md); do not
+duplicate its prompts here.
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "getrandom 0.4.3",
 "libc",
 "log",
- "minisign-verify 0.3.0",
+ "minisign-verify",
 "nanoid",
 "network-interface",
 "objc2",
@@ -1139,7 +1139,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde_json",
 "serde_yaml_ng",
 "sha2 0.11.1",
- "smartstring",
 "socket2",
 "specta",
 "specta-typescript",
@@ -1169,6 +1168,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio-stream",
 "tokio-util",
 "tracing",
+ "tristr",
 "warp",
 "webpki-roots",
 "windows 0.62.2",
@@ -4170,12 +4170,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "unicase",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "minisign-verify"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "22f9645cb765ea72b8111f36c522475d2daa0d22c957a9826437e97534bc4e9e"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "minisign-verify"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -5999,12 +5993,13 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "rust-ini"
-version = "0.21.3"
+version = "0.21.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "796e8d2b6696392a43bea58116b667fb4c29727dc5abd27d6acf338bb4f688c7"
+checksum = "4e310ef0e1b6eeb79169a1171daf9abcb87a2e17c03bee2c4bb100b55c75409f"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if",
 "ordered-multimap",
+ "trim-in-place",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -6625,7 +6620,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e362d9935bc50f019969e2f9ecd66786612daae13e8f277be7bfb66e8bed3f7"
 dependencies = [
 "libc",
- "sigchld",
 "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]

@@ -6645,17 +6639,6 @@ version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8fadd59c855ef2080decdef8ff161eb6661b86933c9d82e5ba29dc602a55aba"

-[[package]]
-name = "sigchld"
-version = "0.2.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "47106eded3c154e70176fc83df9737335c94ce22f821c32d17ed1db1f83badb1"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "os_pipe",
- "signal-hook 0.3.18",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook"
 version = "0.1.17"
@@ -6666,16 +6649,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "signal-hook-registry",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "signal-hook"
-version = "0.3.18"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d881a16cf4426aa584979d30bd82cb33429027e42122b169753d6ef1085ed6e2"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "signal-hook-registry",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-registry"
 version = "1.4.8"
@@ -6747,18 +6720,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 2.0.20",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "smartstring"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3fb72c633efbaa2dd666986505016c32c3044395ceaf881518399d2f4127ee29"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "serde",
- "static_assertions",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
 version = "0.6.5"
@@ -6881,6 +6842,12 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"

+[[package]]
+name = "static_vcruntime"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ff7589a1859b09232522bb9edf076ca7fcf14ded96685d3fa629db73023ffbb7"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "string_cache"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -6940,9 +6907,9 @@ checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"

 [[package]]
 name = "swift-rs"
-version = "1.0.8"
+version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e45c444e496845d3f2a351146bff59aae4975b2280238df1dfaa0c7d1846f38e"
+checksum = "cefd87076fd385308ee4aff597256c902f1fbb4d031de1558efc12f8ffefadd9"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.21.7",
 "serde",
@@ -7189,9 +7156,9 @@ checksum = "adb6935a6f5c20170eeceb1a3835a49e12e19d792f6dd344ccc76a985ca5a6ca"

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri"
-version = "2.12.1"
+version = "2.12.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed99ee9694a2deb776d91cae48ac7411ddfc89ecae2f9b5041111d8c88f2ace9"
+checksum = "f316751027fc2644221d1a448564d519efb07067fda584879d9cda966391d212"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "bytes",
@@ -7237,16 +7204,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "tray-icon",
 "url",
 "webkit2gtk",
- "webview2-com 0.39.1",
+ "webview2-com",
 "window-vibrancy",
 "windows 0.62.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-build"
-version = "2.7.1"
+version = "2.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "59563ca5b331fd97f27ee9672ec8d36d33bb3c9e2c9f6710a1a5687256052e45"
+checksum = "641dd5fd297c99ab92717b0428cca5b9c6f960b2ac96ca131b3eebc9d70b8ddc"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "cargo_toml",
@@ -7258,6 +7225,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "semver 1.0.28",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
+ "static_vcruntime",
+ "strsim",
 "tauri-utils",
 "tauri-winres",
 "walkdir",
@@ -7265,11 +7234,11 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-codegen"
-version = "2.7.1"
+version = "2.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e50213e463086ecc283d7e9f51c30cc0fd304ad457425158018be26dbf0d0a80"
+checksum = "a6585c5b536c00f039d12ce70a9755172d5423bbcfd3969863baa70314c3e02f"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.22.1",
+ "base64 0.23.1",
 "brotli",
 "ico",
 "json-patch",
@@ -7292,9 +7261,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-macros"
-version = "2.7.1"
+version = "2.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8129fb43bb6e0d6b73ad3315cd172beaab17cd28899c594b1b32c80edbbfd99c"
+checksum = "e2e83a0cfa1bae376e8fbbdc0b1692707aed50cd6072ce85cae4789af5d6c19f"
 dependencies = [
 "heck 0.5.0",
 "proc-macro2",
@@ -7350,9 +7319,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-clipboard-manager"
-version = "2.4.1"
+version = "2.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "333d3b6beeb1c2c7fc040233d4ea7b6c03a9f8f039592b7400833c43fb5b568a"
+checksum = "9be5ed8d94c33afe8377e885119069f6508780659271d0a25cfc54d441f2bc81"
 dependencies = [
 "arboard",
 "log",
@@ -7365,9 +7334,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-deep-link"
-version = "2.6.1"
+version = "2.6.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4ac7a92a46ab5c88f44532ca50906d6e448a948d4ddf8c5376ab125e3260f736"
+checksum = "1b3c64e24ebcbc63aaa2d88a9c51e2507084b46620baf39ecb0baa0738a08bb4"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "plist",
@@ -7413,9 +7382,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-dialog"
-version = "2.8.1"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "daf9a5c92e39bdd84f22f6be9230e39d0c4e140345f71ffe6058dca4f71127cf"
+checksum = "b7461aaacf1901915ea7b9f5cd74f8224a351ed96af0a62c07fce934003cb34b"
 dependencies = [
 "log",
 "raw-window-handle",
@@ -7431,9 +7400,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-fs"
-version = "2.6.0"
+version = "2.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "466eb32466fe5021b6728b06862f9ff14a9f7e1af890047654e03a96d7c0e1bb"
+checksum = "5d58eb1d4984e535f47a642ffec09a2da6f5c18a12b5902d12126cb7626d628b"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "dunce",
@@ -7455,9 +7424,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-global-shortcut"
-version = "2.4.0"
+version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0bd2e1f725891a1613af8f25bf918ba3357654b0fd3f2d794c0ce76cbdd92ed2"
+checksum = "93ff17919fe09852d269bd37b1d3d2e993b9dbb514afe7acbf3346c1d3627e2d"
 dependencies = [
 "global-hotkey",
 "log",
@@ -7470,9 +7439,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-http"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93e9d6b3319e101bc1be27cfa0fb4054d7784a12509c67ead0033b82180e5ed1"
+checksum = "2c57e3451553f95a1db3bfed6a358a77ce5080b6399a242c6eadac113f97abd2"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "cookie_store",
@@ -7489,7 +7458,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 2.0.20",
 "tokio",
 "url",
- "urlpattern 0.3.0",
+ "urlpattern",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -7519,9 +7488,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-notification"
-version = "2.5.1"
+version = "2.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "533770889abb60a0407d5a32096182f0e6463f5a3dfaa675be94580aa14070e1"
+checksum = "b939d7b19c8af1381a72ef8474b3aba2b56c1ddac2c23f0c8e96abbcf86b198b"
 dependencies = [
 "log",
 "notify-rust",
@@ -7534,13 +7503,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 2.0.20",
 "time",
 "url",
+ "zbus",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-opener"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d39404b2572927e0d3ed30a7ca226037f7508d22e79c96ee6ef0d42b6a4b3345"
+checksum = "53810be1b4fed22bb6ac3f4cab5a2b80d9391d1af436bda145607532bc0bb219"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "glob",
@@ -7570,11 +7540,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-shell"
-version = "2.4.0"
+version = "2.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "094bdbc47e5efe36544ba21b3a53ab5c724150236cf55e6c9be46191deb6eab6"
+checksum = "8567d42b2c7264355daa1df415ec77f52aa42e885924c86a969be2e920e05521"
 dependencies = [
 "encoding_rs",
+ "libc",
 "log",
 "open",
 "os_pipe",
@@ -7587,13 +7558,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "tauri-plugin",
 "thiserror 2.0.20",
 "tokio",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-updater"
-version = "2.13.1"
+version = "2.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3cb0b2ea3e85ca287990d3859a29cc5cb18024240fd78f62e027fb7963670f18"
+checksum = "7259989d4fe11b2bf51f7d671642249b1837c4ae2da1430dc713ae38f98ceeec"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "dirs 7.0.0",
@@ -7601,8 +7573,9 @@ dependencies = [
 "futures-util",
 "http",
 "infer",
+ "libc",
 "log",
- "minisign-verify 0.2.5",
+ "minisign-verify",
 "osakit",
 "percent-encoding",
 "reqwest 0.13.5",
@@ -7624,9 +7597,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "52c5e97428174a52b7f4357bbc4535fcce52c6a06c8ee7a379502f7cda1b6045"
+checksum = "4f76676d510d271d80abcf8b0552987b5b4f0eae5e3f906e9b5660d43c97c62e"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "axum",
@@ -7650,9 +7623,9 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing",
 "uuid",
 "webkit2gtk",
- "webview2-com 0.38.2",
- "windows 0.61.3",
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
+ "webview2-com",
+ "windows 0.62.2",
+ "windows-core 0.62.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -7672,9 +7645,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-runtime"
-version = "2.12.1"
+version = "2.12.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c2a57a2a9b8c8b7fc00d35b510fe808ded7f9f1b44fc1cdda6aee38632ea5413"
+checksum = "7c55766d99cea69055904d1735b93c2049302b2e09effd462120deb5581d78e9"
 dependencies = [
 "cookie",
 "dpi",
@@ -7691,15 +7664,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 2.0.20",
 "url",
 "webkit2gtk",
- "webview2-com 0.39.1",
+ "webview2-com",
 "windows 0.62.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-runtime-wry"
-version = "2.12.1"
+version = "2.12.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f9e7e0c9f80a5130773cfabb6df4dc924518fb1b2c923726966804634b57d22"
+checksum = "8d61892587aea2a85245bcaec98c6fe46268874c0a0deae5535fb71ca7b93eae"
 dependencies = [
 "gtk",
 "http",
@@ -7717,7 +7690,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing",
 "url",
 "webkit2gtk",
- "webview2-com 0.39.1",
+ "webview2-com",
 "windows 0.62.2",
 "wry",
 ]
@@ -7755,9 +7728,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "tauri-utils"
-version = "2.10.1"
+version = "2.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ff55a614843b9a3f010f211df637c94df2607175b8d0f6e0f4a7c19e18621ee"
+checksum = "362ab21cd4cc713f2a02b1a9b5688198b1541cfb6907c4281e9190e0f0ef4aa3"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "brotli",
@@ -7786,7 +7759,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 2.0.20",
 "toml 1.1.6+spec-1.1.0",
 "url",
- "urlpattern 0.6.0",
+ "urlpattern",
 "uuid",
 "walkdir",
 ]
@@ -7905,7 +7878,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "regex",
 "semver 0.11.0",
 "sha2 0.9.9",
- "signal-hook 0.1.17",
+ "signal-hook",
 "terminfo",
 "termios",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
@@ -8503,6 +8476,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "petgraph",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "trim-in-place"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "daa60874b45b168f67f3f9ba1ee821ad77144d6fa19cef1cd1874a7450a948da"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "triomphe"
 version = "0.1.16"
@@ -8514,6 +8493,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "stable_deref_trait",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "tristr"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "specta",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
 version = "0.2.5"
@@ -8595,47 +8582,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "unic-char-property"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8c57a407d9b6fa02b4795eb81c5b6652060a15a7903ea981f3d723e6c0be221"
-dependencies = [
- "unic-char-range",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unic-char-range"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0398022d5f700414f6b899e10b8348231abf9173fa93144cbc1a43b9793c1fbc"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unic-common"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "80d7ff825a6a654ee85a63e80f92f054f904f21e7d12da4e22f9834a4aaa35bc"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unic-ucd-ident"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e230a37c0381caa9219d67cf063aa3a375ffed5bf541a452db16e744bdab6987"
-dependencies = [
- "unic-char-property",
- "unic-char-range",
- "unic-ucd-version",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unic-ucd-version"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96bd2f2237fe450fcd0a1d2f5f4e91711124f7857ba2e964247776ebeeb7b0c4"
-dependencies = [
- "unic-common",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicase"
 version = "2.9.0"
@@ -8695,18 +8641,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde_derive",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "urlpattern"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70acd30e3aa1450bc2eece896ce2ad0d178e9c079493819301573dae3c37ba6d"
-dependencies = [
- "regex",
- "serde",
- "unic-ucd-ident",
- "url",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "urlpattern"
 version = "0.6.0"
@@ -9098,20 +9032,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustls-pki-types",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "webview2-com"
-version = "0.38.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7130243a7a5b33c54a444e54842e6a9e133de08b5ad7b5861cd8ed9a6a5bc96a"
-dependencies = [
- "webview2-com-macros",
- "webview2-com-sys 0.38.2",
- "windows 0.61.3",
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
- "windows-implement",
- "windows-interface",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "webview2-com"
 version = "0.39.1"
@@ -9119,7 +9039,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f89fca7a704cee10dcb3654c1dbb8941d1783132f1917358af75bec37a7d7e6"
 dependencies = [
 "webview2-com-macros",
- "webview2-com-sys 0.39.1",
+ "webview2-com-sys",
 "windows 0.62.2",
 "windows-core 0.62.2",
 ]
@@ -9135,17 +9055,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "webview2-com-sys"
-version = "0.38.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "381336cfffd772377d291702245447a5251a2ffa5bad679c99e61bc48bacbf9c"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror 2.0.20",
- "windows 0.61.3",
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "webview2-com-sys"
 version = "0.39.1"
@@ -9885,7 +9794,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "url",
 "webkit2gtk",
 "webkit2gtk-sys",
- "webview2-com 0.39.1",
+ "webview2-com",
 "windows 0.62.2",
 "windows-core 0.62.2",
 "windows-version",
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ tracing-estuary = { git = "https://github.com/Tunglies/tracing-estuary.git", bra
 tauri-plugin-clash-verge-sysinfo = { path = "crates/tauri-plugin-clash-verge-sysinfo" }
 tracing = "0.1.44"

-tauri = { version = "2.12.1" }
-tauri-plugin-clipboard-manager = "2.4.1"
+tauri = { version = "2.12.4" }
+tauri-plugin-clipboard-manager = "2.5.0"
 parking_lot = { version = "0.12.5", features = ["hardware-lock-elision"] }
 anyhow = "1.0.104"
 chrono = "0.4.45"
@@ -85,9 +85,8 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.13.5", features = [
 ] }
 rust_iso3166 = "0.2.0"

-smartstring = { version = "1.0.1" }
-
 serde = { version = "1.0.229" }
+tristr = { path = "../tristr", default-features = false, features = ["serde", "specta"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.154" }
 serde_yaml_ng = { version = "0.10.0" }
 bitflags = { version = "2.13.2" }
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 <details>
 <summary><strong> ✨ 新增功能 </strong></summary>

+- 新增虚拟网卡设置的「DNS 模式」选项，支持配置 mihomo 系统 DNS 行为

 </details>

@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@
    "@mui/icons-material": "^9.4.0",
    "@mui/material": "^9.4.0",
    "@tanstack/react-virtual": "^3.14.13",
-    "@tauri-apps/api": "2.12.1",
-    "@tauri-apps/plugin-clipboard-manager": "2.4.0",
-    "@tauri-apps/plugin-dialog": "2.8.0",
-    "@tauri-apps/plugin-fs": "2.6.0",
-    "@tauri-apps/plugin-http": "2.8.0",
-    "@tauri-apps/plugin-opener": "2.7.0",
-    "@tauri-apps/plugin-updater": "2.13.1",
+    "@tauri-apps/api": "2.12.4",
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-clipboard-manager": "2.5.0",
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-dialog": "2.8.3",
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-fs": "2.7.1",
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-http": "2.8.3",
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-opener": "2.7.2",
+    "@tauri-apps/plugin-updater": "2.14.0",
    "ahooks": "^3.10.0",
    "cidr-block": "^2.3.0",
    "compare-versions": "^6.1.1",
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
    "react-dom": "19.3.1",
    "react-error-boundary": "6.1.6",
    "react-hook-form": "^7.88.0",
-    "react-i18next": "17.0.19",
+    "react-i18next": "17.1.8",
    "react-markdown": "10.1.0",
    "react-router": "^8.4.0",
    "rehype-raw": "^7.0.0",
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
    "@biomejs/biome": "^2.5.14",
    "@eslint-react/eslint-plugin": "^5.20.5",
    "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
-    "@tauri-apps/cli": "2.12.1",
+    "@tauri-apps/cli": "2.12.3",
    "@types/lodash-es": "^4.17.12",
    "@types/node": "^24.13.6",
    "@types/react": "19.3.0",
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
    "@types/validator": "^13.15.10",
    "@vitejs/plugin-legacy": "^8.2.3",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.1.1",
-    "@wdio/tauri-service": "1.4.0",
+    "@wdio/tauri-service": "1.5.0",
    "adm-zip": "^0.6.1",
    "axios": "^1.20.0",
    "cli-color": "^2.0.4",
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
    "https-proxy-agent": "^9.1.0",
    "husky": "^9.1.7",
    "jiti": "^2.7.0",
-    "knip": "6.41.0",
+    "knip": "6.43.0",
    "lint-staged": "^17.5.1",
    "sass": "^1.104.1",
    "tar": "^7.5.22",
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
    "vite": "^8.3.0",
    "vite-plugin-svgr": "^5.2.0",
    "vitest": "^5.0.1",
-    "webdriverio": "10.0.2",
+    "webdriverio": "10.1.0",
    "ws": "8.22.0"
  },
  "lint-staged": {
@@ -146,5 +146,5 @@
    ]
  },
  "type": "module",
-  "packageManager": "pnpm@12.14.0"
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@12.15.0"
 }
@@ -434,12 +434,13 @@ for (let iteration = 0; iteration < repeat && !interrupted; iteration++) {
      devicePixelRatio,
    ])
    run.viewport = { dom: viewport, driver: await browser.getWindowRect() }
+    const driverScale = run.viewport.driver.width / 1000
    assert(
-      run.viewport.driver.width / viewport[2] === 1000 &&
-        run.viewport.driver.height / viewport[2] === 700 &&
-        viewport[0] === 1000 &&
+      viewport[0] === 1000 &&
        viewport[1] > 0 &&
-        viewport[1] <= 700,
+        viewport[1] <= 700 &&
+        (driverScale === 1 || driverScale === viewport[2]) &&
+        run.viewport.driver.height / driverScale === 700,
      `unexpected window dimensions: ${JSON.stringify(run.viewport)}`,
    )
    assert(
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ perf-harness = ["dep:tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver"]
 identifier = "io.github.clash-verge-rev.clash-verge-rev"

 [build-dependencies]
-tauri-build = { version = "2.7.1", features = [] }
+tauri-build = { version = "2.7.3", features = [] }

 [dependencies]
 clash-verge-draft = { workspace = true }
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ anyhow = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
+tristr = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 serde_yaml_ng = { workspace = true }
-smartstring = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
 bitflags = { workspace = true }
 socket2 = { workspace = true }
 warp = { version = "0.4.3", features = ["server"] }
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ sysproxy = { git = "https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/sysproxy-rs.git", branch
  "guard",
 ] }
 network-interface = { version = "2.0.5", features = ["serde"] }
-tauri-plugin-shell = "2.4.0"
-tauri-plugin-opener = "2.7.0"
-tauri-plugin-dialog = "2.8.1"
-tauri-plugin-fs = "2.6.0"
+tauri-plugin-shell = "2.5.0"
+tauri-plugin-opener = "2.7.2"
+tauri-plugin-dialog = "2.8.3"
+tauri-plugin-fs = "2.7.1"
 tauri-plugin-process = "2.4.0"
-tauri-plugin-deep-link = "2.6.1"
+tauri-plugin-deep-link = "2.6.2"
 tauri-plugin-window-state = "2.5.0"
 zip = "9.0.4"
 flate2 = "1.1.10"
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ getrandom = "0.4.3"
 futures = "0.3.34"
 gethostname = "1.1.0"
 scopeguard = "1.2.0"
-tauri-plugin-notification = "2.5.1"
+tauri-plugin-notification = "2.7.0"
 tokio-stream = "0.1.19"
 backon = { version = "1.6.0", features = ["tokio-sleep"] }
-tauri-plugin-http = "2.8.0"
+tauri-plugin-http = "2.8.3"
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 tauri-plugin-devtools = { version = "2.2.2", optional = true }
 tauri-plugin-mihomo = { git = "https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/tauri-plugin-mihomo", rev = "7a03d16f4d39b1bb885b7babe66b9e153e34b615" }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ libc = "0.2.191"
 clash-verge-signal = { workspace = true }

 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver = { version = "=1.4.0", optional = true }
+tauri-plugin-wdio-webdriver = { version = "=1.5.0", optional = true }
 objc2 = "0.6.5"
 objc2-foundation = { version = "0.3.2", features = [
  "NSString",
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ windows-sys.workspace = true

 [target.'cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))'.dependencies]
 tauri-plugin-autostart = "2.7.0"
-tauri-plugin-global-shortcut = "2.4.0"
-tauri-plugin-updater = "2.13.1"
+tauri-plugin-global-shortcut = "2.4.1"
+tauri-plugin-updater = "2.14.0"

 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { workspace = true }
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    if std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").as_deref() == Ok("windows")
        && std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ENV").as_deref() == Ok("msvc")
-        && std::env::var_os("CARGO_FEATURE_CLIPPY").is_some()
    {
-        // Tauri's resource is linked to the app binary, but not to Rust unit-test harnesses.
-        // Give mock-context builds their own manifest so tests can resolve TaskDialogIndirect.
+        // Tauri's resource is linked to the app binary, but not to Rust unit-test harnesses or examples.
+        // Give non-app targets their own manifest so tests and examples can resolve TaskDialogIndirect.
        let out_dir = std::env::var_os("OUT_DIR").ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("OUT_DIR is not set"))?;
        let manifest_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(out_dir).join("windows-test-manifest.xml");
        std::fs::write(
@@ -25,8 +24,14 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 </assembly>
 "#,
        )?;
-        println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=/MANIFEST:EMBED");
-        println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=/MANIFESTINPUT:{}", manifest_path.display());
+        let manifest_display = manifest_path.display();
+        if std::env::var_os("CARGO_FEATURE_CLIPPY").is_some() {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=/MANIFEST:EMBED");
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=/MANIFESTINPUT:{manifest_display}");
+        } else {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg-examples=/MANIFEST:EMBED");
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg-examples=/MANIFESTINPUT:{manifest_display}");
+        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "clippy")]
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ use crate::{
    feat,
    utils::dirs,
 };
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use tauri::{AppHandle, Manager as _, ipc::Channel};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ pub async fn restart_app() -> CmdResult<()> {
 #[specta::specta]
 pub async fn install_update(
    app_handle: AppHandle,
-    version: std::string::String,
+    version: String,
    on_event: Channel<DownloadEvent>,
 ) -> CmdResult<bool> {
-    let version: String = version.into();
+    let version: String = version;
    SilentUpdater::global()
        .install_update(&app_handle, &version, |event| {
            let _ = on_event.send(event);
@@ -79,25 +79,22 @@ pub fn cancel_update_download() {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub fn get_app_dir() -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
+pub fn get_app_dir() -> CmdResult<String> {
    let app_home_dir = dirs::app_home_dir().stringify_err()?.to_string_lossy().into();
    Ok(app_home_dir)
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn download_icon_cache(
-    url: std::string::String,
-    name: std::string::String,
-) -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
-    let url: String = url.into();
-    let name: String = name.into();
-    feat::download_icon_cache(url, name).await.map(Into::into)
+pub async fn download_icon_cache(url: String, name: String) -> CmdResult<String> {
+    let url: String = url;
+    let name: String = name;
+    feat::download_icon_cache(url, name).await
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn copy_icon_file(path: std::string::String, icon_info: feat::IconInfo) -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
-    let path: String = path.into();
-    feat::copy_icon_file(path, icon_info).await.map(Into::into)
+pub async fn copy_icon_file(path: String, icon_info: feat::IconInfo) -> CmdResult<String> {
+    let path: String = path;
+    feat::copy_icon_file(path, icon_info).await
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::CmdResult;
 use crate::{cmd::StringifyErr as _, feat};
 use feat::LocalBackupFile;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ pub async fn list_local_backup() -> CmdResult<Vec<LocalBackupFile>> {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn delete_local_backup(filename: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<()> {
-    let filename: String = filename.into();
+pub async fn delete_local_backup(filename: String) -> CmdResult<()> {
+    let filename: String = filename;
    feat::delete_local_backup(filename).await.stringify_err()
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn restore_local_backup(filename: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<()> {
-    let filename: String = filename.into();
+pub async fn restore_local_backup(filename: String) -> CmdResult<()> {
+    let filename: String = filename;
    feat::restore_local_backup(filename)
        .await
        .map_err(|error| super::proxy_aware_error(&error))
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ pub async fn restore_local_backup(filename: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<()

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn import_local_backup(source: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
-    let source: String = source.into();
-    feat::import_local_backup(source).await.map(Into::into).stringify_err()
+pub async fn import_local_backup(source: String) -> CmdResult<String> {
+    let source: String = source;
+    feat::import_local_backup(source).await.stringify_err()
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn export_local_backup(filename: std::string::String, destination: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<()> {
-    let filename: String = filename.into();
-    let destination: String = destination.into();
+pub async fn export_local_backup(filename: String, destination: String) -> CmdResult<()> {
+    let filename: String = filename;
+    let destination: String = destination;
    feat::export_local_backup(filename, destination).await.stringify_err()
 }
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ use crate::{
    },
 };
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ pub async fn patch_clash_config(payload: crate::ipc::YamlMapping) -> CmdResult {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn patch_clash_mode(payload: std::string::String) -> CmdResult {
-    let payload: String = payload.into();
+pub async fn patch_clash_mode(payload: String) -> CmdResult {
+    let payload: String = payload;
    feat::change_clash_mode(payload)
        .await
        .with_error_code("CLASH_MODE_UPDATE_FAILED")
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ pub async fn patch_clash_mode(payload: std::string::String) -> CmdResult {
 /// Reads the saved mode without depending on strict mihomo `/configs` deserialization.
 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn get_clash_mode() -> CmdResult<Option<std::string::String>> {
+pub async fn get_clash_mode() -> CmdResult<Option<String>> {
    Ok(Config::clash().await.data_arc().get_mode())
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn change_clash_core(clash_core: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<Option<CommandFailure>> {
-    let clash_core: String = clash_core.into();
+pub async fn change_clash_core(clash_core: String) -> CmdResult<Option<CommandFailure>> {
+    let clash_core: String = clash_core;
    logging!(info, Type::Config, "changing core to {clash_core}");

    match CoreManager::global().change_core(&clash_core).await {
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ pub async fn upgrade_clash_core(force: bool) -> CmdResult<feat::CoreUpgradeRepor

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn test_delay(url: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<u32> {
-    let url: String = url.into();
+pub async fn test_delay(url: String) -> CmdResult<u32> {
+    let url: String = url;
    let result = match feat::test_delay(url).await {
        Ok(delay) => delay,
        Err(e) => {
@@ -148,12 +148,12 @@ pub fn take_dns_override_notice() -> bool {
 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
 pub async fn set_dns_override(
-    profile_uid: std::string::String,
+    profile_uid: String,
    enabled: bool,
-    confirmation: Option<std::string::String>,
+    confirmation: Option<String>,
 ) -> CmdResult<feat::DnsOverrideOutcome> {
-    let profile_uid: String = profile_uid.into();
-    let confirmation = confirmation.map(String::from);
+    let profile_uid: String = profile_uid;
+    let confirmation = confirmation;
    feat::set_dns_override(profile_uid, enabled, confirmation)
        .await
        .map_err(|error| proxy_aware_coded_error(&error, "DNS_OVERRIDE_UPDATE_FAILED"))
@@ -212,14 +212,14 @@ pub async fn apply_dns_config(apply: bool) -> CmdResult {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn get_dns_config_content() -> CmdResult<Option<std::string::String>> {
+pub async fn get_dns_config_content() -> CmdResult<Option<String>> {
    use crate::utils::dirs;
    use tokio::fs;

    let dns_path = dirs::app_home_dir().stringify_err()?.join(constants::files::DNS_CONFIG);

    match fs::read_to_string(&dns_path).await {
-        Ok(content) => Ok(Some(content)),
+        Ok(content) => Ok(Some(content.into())),
        Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(None),
        Err(error) => Err(CommandFailure::plain(error)),
    }
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub async fn validate_dns_config() -> CmdResult<ValidationOutcome> {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn get_clash_logs() -> CmdResult<Vec<std::string::String>> {
+pub async fn get_clash_logs() -> CmdResult<Vec<String>> {
    let logs = CoreManager::global().get_clash_logs().await.unwrap_or_default();
-    Ok(logs)
+    Ok(logs.into_iter().collect())
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ pub use clash_verge_media_unlock::UnlockItem;
 use reqwest::{Client, Proxy};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tauri::{command, ipc::Channel};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[command]
 #[specta::specta]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ async fn create_client() -> Result<Client, String> {
        .cookie_store(true)
        .proxy(proxy)
        .build()
-        .map_err(|error| format!("创建HTTP客户端失败: {error}"))
+        .map_err(|error| format!("创建HTTP客户端失败: {error}").into())
 }

 #[command]
@@ -40,5 +41,7 @@ pub async fn check_media_unlock(on_complete: Channel<UnlockItem>) -> Result<Vec<
 #[specta::specta]
 pub async fn check_media_unlock_item(name: String) -> Result<UnlockItem, String> {
    let client = create_client().await?;
-    clash_verge_media_unlock::check_media_unlock_item(&client, &name).await
+    clash_verge_media_unlock::check_media_unlock_item(&client, &name)
+        .await
+        .map_err(Into::into)
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub type CmdResult<T = ()> = Result<T, CommandFailure>;

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ pub type CmdResult<T = ()> = Result<T, CommandFailure>;
 pub struct CommandFailure {
    /// Stable frontend identifier, when classified.
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub code: Option<std::string::String>,
+    pub code: Option<String>,
    /// Human-readable diagnostic detail.
-    pub detail: std::string::String,
+    pub detail: String,
    /// Requested operation when known by the command.
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub operation: Option<crate::core::notification::FailedOperation>,
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ impl CommandFailure {
    /// A failure with a stable code.
    pub fn coded(code: &str, detail: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Self {
        Self {
-            code: Some(code.to_owned()),
-            detail: detail.to_string(),
+            code: Some(code.into()),
+            detail: detail.to_string().into(),
            operation: None,
        }
    }
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl CommandFailure {
    pub fn plain(detail: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Self {
        Self {
            code: None,
-            detail: detail.to_string(),
+            detail: detail.to_string().into(),
            operation: None,
        }
    }
@@ -50,16 +50,6 @@ impl From<&str> for CommandFailure {
    }
 }

-impl From<std::string::String> for CommandFailure {
-    fn from(detail: std::string::String) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            code: None,
-            detail,
-            operation: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<String> for CommandFailure {
    fn from(detail: String) -> Self {
        Self::plain(detail)
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::core::{proxy_control, sysopt::Sysopt};
 use gethostname::gethostname;
 use sysproxy::{Autoproxy, Sysproxy};
 use tauri_plugin_clash_verge_sysinfo;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ pub async fn get_sys_proxy() -> CmdResult<SystemProxy> {

    Ok(SystemProxy {
        enable,
-        server: format!("{host}:{port}"),
-        bypass,
+        server: format!("{host}:{port}").into(),
+        bypass: bypass.into(),
    })
 }

@@ -39,7 +40,10 @@ pub async fn get_auto_proxy() -> CmdResult<AutoProxy> {
    };
    let Autoproxy { enable, url } = auto_proxy;

-    Ok(AutoProxy { enable, url })
+    Ok(AutoProxy {
+        enable,
+        url: url.into(),
+    })
 }

 #[tauri::command]
@@ -52,10 +56,10 @@ pub fn get_embedded_server_port() -> CmdResult<u16> {
 #[specta::specta]
 pub fn get_system_hostname() -> String {
    match gethostname().into_string() {
-        Ok(name) => name,
+        Ok(name) => name.into(),
        Err(os_string) => {
            let fallback = format!("{os_string:?}");
-            fallback.trim_matches('"').to_string()
+            fallback.trim_matches('"').into()
        }
    }
 }
@@ -64,6 +68,9 @@ pub fn get_system_hostname() -> String {
 #[specta::specta]
 pub fn get_network_interfaces() -> Vec<String> {
    tauri_plugin_clash_verge_sysinfo::list_network_interfaces()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(Into::into)
+        .collect()
 }

 #[tauri::command]
@@ -77,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn get_network_interfaces_info() -> CmdResult<Vec<crate::ipc::NetworkInterfa
    let mut result = Vec::new();

    for interface in interfaces {
-        if names.contains(&interface.name) {
+        if names.iter().any(|name| name == &interface.name) {
            result.push(interface.into());
        }
    }
@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ use crate::{
 use clash_verge_draft::{Draft, SharedDraft};
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
 use scopeguard::defer;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 static CURRENT_SWITCHING_PROFILE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);

-fn profile_import_error(err: &anyhow::Error) -> std::string::String {
+fn profile_import_error(err: &anyhow::Error) -> String {
    if let Some(cause) = err.chain().find(|cause| cause.to_string().contains("TLS 1.0/1.1")) {
-        return cause.to_string();
+        return cause.to_string().into();
    }

-    format!("导入订阅失败: {err:#}")
+    format!("导入订阅失败: {err:#}").into()
 }

 #[tauri::command]
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub async fn enhance_profiles() -> CmdResult<ValidationOutcome> {
 #[tauri::command]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, level = "info", fields(url = %help::mask_url(&url), uid = tracing::field::Empty))]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn import_profile(url: std::string::String, option: Option<PrfOption>) -> CmdResult {
+pub async fn import_profile(url: String, option: Option<PrfOption>) -> CmdResult {
    let item = &mut match PrfItem::from_url(&url, None, None, option.as_ref()).await {
        Ok(it) => it,
        Err(e) => {
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ pub async fn import_profile(url: std::string::String, option: Option<PrfOption>)

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn reorder_profile(active_id: std::string::String, over_id: std::string::String) -> CmdResult {
-    let active_id: String = active_id.into();
-    let over_id: String = over_id.into();
+pub async fn reorder_profile(active_id: String, over_id: String) -> CmdResult {
+    let active_id: String = active_id;
+    let over_id: String = over_id;
    match profiles_reorder_safe(&active_id, &over_id).await {
        Ok(_) => {
            logging!(info, Type::Cmd, "重新排序配置文件: {} -> {}", active_id, over_id);
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ pub async fn reorder_profile(active_id: std::string::String, over_id: std::strin

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn create_profile(item: ProfileCreate, file_data: Option<std::string::String>) -> CmdResult {
+pub async fn create_profile(item: ProfileCreate, file_data: Option<String>) -> CmdResult {
    let item: PrfItem = item.into();
-    let file_data = file_data.map(String::from);
+    let file_data = file_data;
    match profiles_append_item_with_filedata_safe(&item, file_data).await {
        Ok(_) => {
            profiles_save_file_safe()
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ pub async fn create_profile(item: ProfileCreate, file_data: Option<std::string::

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn update_profile(index: std::string::String, option: Option<PrfOption>) -> CmdResult {
-    let index: String = index.into();
+pub async fn update_profile(index: String, option: Option<PrfOption>) -> CmdResult {
+    let index: String = index;
    match feat::update_profile(&index, option.as_ref(), true).await {
        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
        Err(e) => {
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ pub async fn update_profile(index: std::string::String, option: Option<PrfOption

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn delete_profile(index: std::string::String) -> CmdResult {
-    let index: String = index.into();
+pub async fn delete_profile(index: String) -> CmdResult {
+    let index: String = index;
    let profile_write_guard = PROFILE_WRITE_LOCK.lock().await;

    let profiles = Config::profiles().await;
@@ -325,7 +325,6 @@ async fn perform_config_update(
 #[derive(Default, serde::Deserialize, specta::Type)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct ProfileSelection {
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub current: Option<String>,
 }

@@ -333,13 +332,9 @@ pub struct ProfileSelection {
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct ProfileCreate {
    #[serde(rename = "type")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub itype: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub name: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub desc: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub url: Option<String>,
    pub option: Option<PrfOption>,
 }
@@ -361,15 +356,10 @@ impl From<ProfileCreate> for PrfItem {
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct ProfilePatch {
    #[serde(rename = "type")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub itype: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub name: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub desc: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub file: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub url: Option<String>,
    pub selected: Option<Vec<crate::config::PrfSelected>>,
    pub extra: Option<crate::config::PrfExtra>,
@@ -436,9 +426,9 @@ pub async fn patch_profiles_config_by_profile_index(profile_index: String) -> Cm

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn patch_profile(index: std::string::String, profile: ProfilePatch) -> CmdResult {
+pub async fn patch_profile(index: String, profile: ProfilePatch) -> CmdResult {
    let profile: PrfItem = profile.into();
-    let index: String = index.into();
+    let index: String = index;
    let profiles = Config::profiles().await;
    let should_refresh_timer = if let Ok(old_profile) = profiles.latest_arc().get_item(&index)
        && let Some(new_option) = profile.option.as_ref()
@@ -479,7 +469,7 @@ pub async fn patch_profile(index: std::string::String, profile: ProfilePatch) ->

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn view_profile(index: std::string::String) -> CmdResult {
+pub async fn view_profile(index: String) -> CmdResult {
    let profiles = Config::profiles().await;
    let profiles_ref = profiles.latest_arc();
    let file = profiles_ref
@@ -504,7 +494,7 @@ pub async fn view_profile(index: std::string::String) -> CmdResult {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn read_profile_file(index: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
+pub async fn read_profile_file(index: String) -> CmdResult<String> {
    let item = {
        let profiles = Config::profiles().await;
        let profiles_ref = profiles.latest_arc();
@@ -524,7 +514,7 @@ pub async fn read_profile_file(index: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<std::str
            .join(file.as_str());
        match tokio::fs::try_exists(&path).await {
            Ok(true) => {}
-            Ok(false) => return Ok(std::string::String::new()),
+            Ok(false) => return Ok(String::new()),
            Err(err) => {
                return Err(coded_error(
                    "PROFILE_READ_FAILED",
@@ -535,12 +525,12 @@ pub async fn read_profile_file(index: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<std::str
    }

    let data = item.read_file().await.with_error_code("PROFILE_READ_FAILED")?;
-    Ok(data.into())
+    Ok(data)
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn get_next_update_time(uid: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<Option<i64>> {
+pub async fn get_next_update_time(uid: String) -> CmdResult<Option<i64>> {
    let timer = Timer::global();
    let next_time = timer.get_next_update_time(&uid).await;
    Ok(next_time)
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use std::{
    collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet},
    sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// Merges one selection pair into fresh backend state to avoid stale-list overwrites.
 #[tauri::command]
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ fn runtime_group_order(config: Option<&Mapping>) -> Vec<String> {
        .filter_map(|name| name.as_str())
        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty() && *name != "GLOBAL")
        .filter(|name| seen.insert(*name))
-        .map(str::to_owned)
+        .map(String::from)
        .collect()
 }

@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ fn runtime_group_scopes(config: Option<&Mapping>) -> BTreeMap<String, GroupScope
        .into_iter()
        .flat_map(|providers| providers.keys())
        .filter_map(|name| name.as_str())
-        .map(str::to_owned)
+        .map(String::from)
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    all_providers.sort();
    let flag = |group: &Mapping, key: &str| group.get(key).and_then(|value| value.as_bool()) == Some(true);
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ fn runtime_group_scopes(config: Option<&Mapping>) -> BTreeMap<String, GroupScope
        .flatten()
        .filter_map(|group| group.as_mapping())
        .filter_map(|group| {
-            let name = group.get("name")?.as_str()?.to_owned();
+            let name: String = group.get("name")?.as_str()?.into();
            let providers = if flag(group, "include-all") || flag(group, "include-all-providers") {
                all_providers.clone()
            } else {
@@ -85,14 +86,14 @@ fn runtime_group_scopes(config: Option<&Mapping>) -> BTreeMap<String, GroupScope
                    .into_iter()
                    .flatten()
                    .filter_map(|provider| provider.as_str())
-                    .map(str::to_owned)
+                    .map(String::from)
                    .collect()
            };
            let exclude_types = group
                .get("exclude-type")
                .and_then(|types| types.as_str())
                .filter(|types| !types.is_empty())
-                .map(|types| types.split('|').map(str::to_owned).collect())
+                .map(|types| types.split('|').map(String::from).collect())
                .unwrap_or_default();
            Some((
                name,
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use super::CmdResult;
 use crate::{cmd::StringifyErr as _, config::Config, core::CoreManager, utils::yaml_emitter};
 use anyhow::{Context as _, anyhow};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub async fn get_runtime_config() -> CmdResult<Option<crate::ipc::YamlMapping>>

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn get_runtime_yaml() -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
+pub async fn get_runtime_yaml() -> CmdResult<String> {
    let runtime = Config::runtime().await;
    let runtime = runtime.latest_arc();

@@ -36,22 +36,17 @@ pub async fn get_runtime_logs() -> CmdResult<RuntimeLogs> {

 #[derive(serde::Serialize, specta::Type)]
 #[serde(transparent)]
-pub struct RuntimeLogs(
-    #[specta(type = HashMap<std::string::String, Vec<(std::string::String, std::string::String)>>)]
-    HashMap<String, Vec<(String, String)>>,
-);
+pub struct RuntimeLogs(HashMap<String, Vec<(String, String)>>);

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub fn take_discarded_keys_notice() -> Option<std::string::String> {
-    crate::enhance::take_discarded_keys_notice().map(Into::into)
+pub fn take_discarded_keys_notice() -> Option<String> {
+    crate::enhance::take_discarded_keys_notice()
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn get_runtime_proxy_chain_config(
-    proxy_chain_exit_node: std::string::String,
-) -> CmdResult<std::string::String> {
+pub async fn get_runtime_proxy_chain_config(proxy_chain_exit_node: String) -> CmdResult<String> {
    let runtime = Config::runtime().await;
    let runtime = runtime.latest_arc();

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::CmdResult;
+use super::{CmdResult, CommandFailure};
 use crate::{
    cmd::StringifyErr as _,
    cmd::validate::{ValidationNoticeTarget, handle_validation_notice},
@@ -11,18 +11,15 @@ use crate::{
    utils::dirs,
 };
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// 保存profiles的配置
 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn save_profile_file(
-    index: std::string::String,
-    file_data: Option<std::string::String>,
-) -> CmdResult<ValidationOutcome> {
-    let index: String = index.into();
-    let file_data = file_data.map(String::from);
+pub async fn save_profile_file(index: String, file_data: Option<String>) -> CmdResult<ValidationOutcome> {
+    let index: String = index;
+    let file_data = file_data;
    let file_data = match file_data {
        Some(d) => d,
        None => return Ok(ValidationOutcome::Valid),
@@ -153,7 +150,7 @@ async fn handle_saved_profile_file(
        Err(e) => {
            logging!(error, Type::Config, "[cmd配置save] 验证过程发生错误: {e:#}");
            restore_original(file_path, original_content, original_existed).await?;
-            return Err(e.to_string().into());
+            return Err(CommandFailure::plain(e));
        }
    }

@@ -181,7 +178,7 @@ async fn handle_saved_profile_file(
        Err(err) => {
            logging!(error, Type::Config, "[cmd配置save] 运行时配置应用错误: {err:#}");
            restore_original(file_path, original_content, original_existed).await?;
-            Err(err.to_string().into())
+            Err(CommandFailure::plain(err))
        }
    }
 }
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
        service::{SERVICE_MANAGER, ServiceStatus, request_runtime_provider_sync},
    },
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, specta::Type)]
 #[serde(tag = "status", rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ where
    if reasons.is_empty() {
        return Err(proxy_aware_coded_error(&error, error_code));
    }
-    let reason = reasons.join("\n");
+    let reason: String = reasons.join("\n").into();
    fallback(reason.clone())
        .await
        .map_err(|error| proxy_aware_coded_error(&error, "SERVICE_SIDECAR_FAILED"))?;
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ mod tests {
            let error = match availability {
                Some(availability) => anyhow::Error::new(InstallationVerificationError {
                    status: InstallationStatus {
-                        service_sha256: String::new(),
+                        service_sha256: std::string::String::new(),
                        protocol: ProtocolInfo::current(),
                        cores: vec![CoreInspection {
                            name: "verge-mihomo.exe".into(),
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ mod tests {
                assert_eq!(
                    result,
                    Ok(ServiceInstallOutcome::Sidecar {
-                        reason: format!("verge-mihomo.exe: {reason}")
+                        reason: format!("verge-mihomo.exe: {reason}").into()
                    })
                );
            } else {
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use crate::core::{
    notification::{self, PendingFailure},
    runstate::{RUN_STATE, RunStateView},
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// Returns one coherent core/service snapshot instead of independently refreshed state.
 #[tauri::command]
@@ -4,18 +4,14 @@ use crate::{
    config::{Config, IVerge},
    core, feat,
 };
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn save_webdav_config(
-    url: std::string::String,
-    username: std::string::String,
-    password: std::string::String,
-) -> CmdResult<()> {
-    let url: String = url.into();
-    let username: String = username.into();
-    let password: String = password.into();
+pub async fn save_webdav_config(url: String, username: String, password: String) -> CmdResult<()> {
+    let url: String = url;
+    let username: String = username;
+    let password: String = password;
    let patch = IVerge {
        webdav_url: Some(url),
        webdav_username: Some(username),
@@ -48,15 +44,15 @@ pub async fn list_webdav_backup() -> CmdResult<Vec<crate::ipc::WebDavFile>> {

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn delete_webdav_backup(filename: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<()> {
-    let filename: String = filename.into();
+pub async fn delete_webdav_backup(filename: String) -> CmdResult<()> {
+    let filename: String = filename;
    feat::delete_webdav_backup(filename).await.stringify_err()
 }

 #[tauri::command]
 #[specta::specta]
-pub async fn restore_webdav_backup(filename: std::string::String) -> CmdResult<()> {
-    let filename: String = filename.into();
+pub async fn restore_webdav_backup(filename: String) -> CmdResult<()> {
+    let filename: String = filename;
    feat::restore_webdav_backup(filename)
        .await
        .map_err(|error| super::proxy_aware_error(&error))
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use std::{
    net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr},
    str::FromStr as _,
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct IClashTemp(pub Mapping);
@@ -84,12 +85,12 @@ impl IClashTemp {
        #[cfg(unix)]
        map.insert(
            "external-controller-unix".into(),
-            Self::guard_external_controller_ipc().into(),
+            Self::guard_external_controller_ipc().as_str().into(),
        );
        #[cfg(windows)]
        map.insert(
            "external-controller-pipe".into(),
-            Self::guard_external_controller_ipc().into(),
+            Self::guard_external_controller_ipc().as_str().into(),
        );
        map.insert("tun".into(), tun_config.into());
        cors_map.insert("allow-private-network".into(), true.into());
@@ -134,12 +135,18 @@ impl IClashTemp {
        config.insert("mixed-port".into(), mixed_port.into());
        config.insert("socks-port".into(), socks_port.into());
        config.insert("port".into(), port.into());
-        config.insert("external-controller".into(), ctrl.into());
+        config.insert("external-controller".into(), ctrl.as_str().into());

        #[cfg(unix)]
-        config.insert("external-controller-unix".into(), external_controller_unix.into());
+        config.insert(
+            "external-controller-unix".into(),
+            external_controller_unix.as_str().into(),
+        );
        #[cfg(windows)]
-        config.insert("external-controller-pipe".into(), external_controller_pipe.into());
+        config.insert(
+            "external-controller-pipe".into(),
+            external_controller_pipe.as_str().into(),
+        );
        config
    }

@@ -166,9 +173,9 @@ impl IClashTemp {
            port: Self::guard_port(config),
            server: Self::guard_client_ctrl(config),
            secret: config.get("secret").and_then(|value| match value {
-                Value::String(val_str) => Some(val_str.clone()),
-                Value::Bool(val_bool) => Some(val_bool.to_string()),
-                Value::Number(val_num) => Some(val_num.to_string()),
+                Value::String(val_str) => Some(val_str.clone().into()),
+                Value::Bool(val_bool) => Some(val_bool.to_string().into()),
+                Value::Number(val_num) => Some(val_num.to_string().into()),
                _ => None,
            }),
        }
@@ -180,7 +187,7 @@ impl IClashTemp {
    /// 的严格 `BaseConfig` 反序列化，因此即使核心返回的字段与插件结构体不匹配也能取到。
    pub fn get_mode(&self) -> Option<String> {
        self.0.get("mode").and_then(|value| match value {
-            Value::String(val_str) => Some(val_str.clone()),
+            Value::String(val_str) => Some(val_str.clone().into()),
            _ => None,
        })
    }
@@ -276,7 +283,7 @@ impl IClashTemp {
                        false => Cow::Borrowed(val_str),
                    };

-                    SocketAddr::from_str(&val).ok().map(|s| s.to_string())
+                    SocketAddr::from_str(&val).ok().map(|s| s.to_string().into())
                }
                None => None,
            })
@@ -290,7 +297,7 @@ impl IClashTemp {
                if socket.ip().is_unspecified() {
                    socket.set_ip(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
                }
-                socket.to_string()
+                socket.to_string().into()
            }
            Err(_) => "127.0.0.1:9097".into(),
        }
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ use backon::{ExponentialBuilder, Retryable as _};
 use clash_verge_draft::Draft;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{collections::HashSet, path::PathBuf};
 use tokio::sync::{Mutex, MutexGuard, OnceCell};
 use tokio::time::sleep;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub(crate) struct Config {
    clash_config: Draft<IClashTemp>,
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ impl Config {
        Self::write_runtime_file(&yaml).await
    }

-    pub(crate) async fn runtime_config_yaml() -> Result<std::string::String> {
+    pub(crate) async fn runtime_config_yaml() -> Result<String> {
        let runtime = Self::runtime().await;
        AsyncHandler::spawn_blocking(move || {
            let runtime_lastest = runtime.latest_arc();
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ impl Config {
                .or_else(|| runtime_data.config.as_ref())
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("failed to generate runtime config, might need to restart application"))?;
            let yaml_str = serde_yaml_ng::to_string(config)?;
-            Ok(format!("# Generated by Clash Verge\n\n{}", yaml_str))
+            Ok(format!("# Generated by Clash Verge\n\n{}", yaml_str).into())
        })
        .await
        .map_err(|join| anyhow!("runtime serialization task failed: {join}"))?
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use clash_verge_draft::DraftTransaction;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
 use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 use super::{Config, IVerge};
 use crate::core::handle::Handle;
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ impl DnsOverrideState {
 pub struct ProfileDnsSettings {
    pub enabled: bool,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub confirmation: Option<String>,
 }

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose::STANDARD};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::future::Future;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 const NONCE_LENGTH: usize = 12;

@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn encrypt_data(data: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {

    let mut combined = nonce.to_vec();
    combined.extend(ciphertext);
-    Ok(STANDARD.encode(combined))
+    Ok(STANDARD.encode(combined).into())
 }

 pub fn decrypt_data(encrypted: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
@@ -46,7 +47,10 @@ pub fn decrypt_data(encrypted: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error
        .decrypt(nonce.into(), ciphertext)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Decryption failed: {e}"))?;

-    String::from_utf8(plaintext).map_err(|e| e.into())
+    // from_utf8 exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    std::string::String::from_utf8(plaintext)
+        .map_err(|e| e.into())
+        .map(Into::into)
 }

 pub fn serialize_encrypted<T, S>(value: &T, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use serde_yaml_ng::Value;
 use std::{collections::HashSet, net::SocketAddr, str::FromStr as _};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 struct MixedPortFallback {
@@ -141,8 +142,8 @@ impl Config {
    }

    pub(crate) fn block_startup_core(error: &anyhow::Error) {
-        *STARTUP_CORE_BLOCK_REASON.lock() = Some(error.to_string());
-        report_fallback_error(error.to_string());
+        *STARTUP_CORE_BLOCK_REASON.lock() = Some(error.to_string().into());
+        report_fallback_error(error.to_string().into());
    }

    pub(crate) fn startup_core_block_reason() -> Option<String> {
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ use crate::{
 use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, bail};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_yaml_ng::Mapping;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;
 // TODO, use other re-export
 use reqwest_dav::re_exports::url::form_urlencoded;
 use tauri::Url;
@@ -30,24 +30,18 @@ pub(super) fn normalize_profile_home_url(raw: &str) -> Option<String> {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, Default, specta::Type)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct PrfItem {
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub uid: Option<String>,

    /// enum value: remote | local | script | merge
    #[serde(rename = "type")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub itype: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub name: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub file: Option<String>,

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub desc: Option<String>,

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub url: Option<String>,

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@@ -62,20 +56,16 @@ pub struct PrfItem {
    pub option: Option<PrfOption>,

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub home: Option<String>,

    #[serde(skip)]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub file_data: Option<String>,
 }

 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, specta::Type)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct PrfSelected {
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub name: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub now: Option<String>,
 }

@@ -91,7 +81,6 @@ pub struct PrfExtra {
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct PrfOption {
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub user_agent: Option<String>,

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@@ -114,15 +103,10 @@ pub struct PrfOption {

    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub allow_auto_update: Option<bool>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub merge: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub script: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub rules: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub proxies: Option<String>,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub groups: Option<String>,
 }

@@ -187,7 +171,7 @@ impl PrfItem {
        file_data: Option<String>,
        option: Option<&PrfOption>,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let uid = help::get_uid("L").into();
+        let uid = help::get_uid("L");
        let file = format!("{uid}.yaml").into();
        let opt_ref = option.as_ref();
        let update_interval = opt_ref.and_then(|o| o.update_interval);
@@ -360,11 +344,11 @@ impl PrfItem {
            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
            .and_then(normalize_profile_home_url);

-        let uid = help::get_uid("R").into();
+        let uid = help::get_uid("R");
        let file = format!("{uid}.yaml").into();
        let name = name
            .map(|s| s.to_owned())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| filename.map(|s| s.into()).unwrap_or_else(|| "Remote File".into()));
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| filename.unwrap_or_else(|| "Remote File".into()));
        let data = resp.text();

        let data = data.trim_start_matches('\u{feff}');
@@ -430,7 +414,7 @@ impl PrfItem {
        let (id, template) = if let Some(uid) = uid {
            (uid, tmpl::ITEM_MERGE.into())
        } else {
-            (help::get_uid("m").into(), tmpl::ITEM_MERGE_EMPTY.into())
+            (help::get_uid("m"), tmpl::ITEM_MERGE_EMPTY.into())
        };
        let file = format!("{id}.yaml").into();

@@ -445,11 +429,7 @@ impl PrfItem {
    }

    pub(super) fn from_script(uid: Option<String>) -> Self {
-        let id = if let Some(uid) = uid {
-            uid
-        } else {
-            help::get_uid("s").into()
-        };
+        let id = if let Some(uid) = uid { uid } else { help::get_uid("s") };
        let file = format!("{id}.js").into(); // js ext
        Self {
            uid: Some(id),
@@ -462,7 +442,7 @@ impl PrfItem {
    }

    fn from_rules() -> Self {
-        let uid = help::get_uid("r").into();
+        let uid = help::get_uid("r");
        let file = format!("{uid}.yaml").into(); // yaml ext

        Self {
@@ -476,7 +456,7 @@ impl PrfItem {
    }

    fn from_proxies() -> Self {
-        let uid = help::get_uid("p").into();
+        let uid = help::get_uid("p");
        let file = format!("{uid}.yaml").into(); // yaml ext

        Self {
@@ -490,7 +470,7 @@ impl PrfItem {
    }

    fn from_groups() -> Self {
-        let uid = help::get_uid("g").into();
+        let uid = help::get_uid("g");
        let file = format!("{uid}.yaml").into(); // yaml ext

        Self {
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_yaml_ng::Mapping;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::{
    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 use tauri_plugin_mihomo::models::{Proxies, ProxyType};
 use tokio::{fs, task::JoinHandle};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub(crate) static PROFILE_WRITE_LOCK: tokio::sync::Mutex<()> = tokio::sync::Mutex::const_new(());

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ const SELECTED_NODES_FIRST_PASS_BUDGET: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3);
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, specta::Type)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct IProfiles {
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub current: Option<String>,

    pub items: Option<Vec<PrfItem>>,
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ impl IProfiles {
                let mut home_changed = false;
                for item in items.iter_mut() {
                    if item.uid.is_none() {
-                        item.uid = Some(help::get_uid("d").into());
+                        item.uid = Some(help::get_uid("d"));
                    }
                    if item.itype.as_deref() == Some("remote") {
                        item.option
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 use crate::enhance::field::use_keys;

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use log::LevelFilter;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// ### `verge.yaml` schema
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, specta::Type)]
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ pub mod tun {
        "auto-redirect",
        "auto-detect-interface",
        "dns-hijack",
+        "dns-mode",
        "strict-route",
        "mtu",
    ];
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use tokio::{
    fs,
    sync::{Mutex, watch},
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 const DEFAULT_INTERVAL_HOURS: u64 = 24;
 const MIN_INTERVAL_HOURS: u64 = 1;
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ impl AutoBackupManager {
            return Ok(());
        }

-        let file_name = create_local_backup_with_namer(|name| append_auto_suffix(name, trigger.slug()).into()).await?;
+        let file_name = create_local_backup_with_namer(|name| append_auto_suffix(name, trigger.slug())).await?;
        self.last_backup.store(Local::now().timestamp(), Ordering::Release);

        if let Err(err) = cleanup_auto_backups().await {
@@ -239,8 +240,8 @@ impl AutoBackupManager {

 fn append_auto_suffix(file_name: &str, slug: &str) -> String {
    match file_name.rsplit_once('.') {
-        Some((stem, ext)) => format!("{stem}{AUTO_MARKER}{slug}.{ext}"),
-        None => format!("{file_name}{AUTO_MARKER}{slug}"),
+        Some((stem, ext)) => format!("{stem}{AUTO_MARKER}{slug}.{ext}").into(),
+        None => format!("{file_name}{AUTO_MARKER}{slug}").into(),
    }
 }

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use arc_swap::{ArcSwap, ArcSwapOption};
 use backon::{ConstantBuilder, Retryable as _};
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use reqwest_dav::list_cmd::{ListEntity, ListFile, ListMultiStatus};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    env::{consts::OS, temp_dir},
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ use std::{
    time::Duration,
 };
 use tokio::{fs, time::timeout};
+use tristr::alias::String;
 use zip::write::SimpleFileOptions;

 const APP_VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use crate::{config::Config, core::handle, core::lightweight::entry_lightweight_m
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    fmt,
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ use std::{
    },
 };
 use tauri_plugin_global_shortcut::{Code, GlobalShortcutExt as _, ShortcutState};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// Enum representing all available hotkey functions
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use std::{
    net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr},
    str::FromStr as _,
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// The config key of the Mixed Port, named once so callers stop spelling it out.
 pub(crate) const MIXED_PORT_KEY: &str = "mixed-port";
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ pub(crate) fn probe_listener(request: &ListenerProbe) -> ListenerProbeOutcome {
        Ok(address) => address,
        Err(error) => {
            return ListenerProbeOutcome::Invalid {
-                message: error.to_string(),
+                message: error.to_string().into(),
            };
        }
    };
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ pub(crate) fn probe_proxy_port_change(
            Ok(claims) => claims,
            Err(error) => {
                return ListenerProbeOutcome::Invalid {
-                    message: format!("current proxy listener configuration is invalid: {error:#}"),
+                    message: format!("current proxy listener configuration is invalid: {error:#}").into(),
                };
            }
        }
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ pub(crate) fn probe_proxy_port_change(
        Ok(claims) => claims,
        Err(error) => {
            return ListenerProbeOutcome::Invalid {
-                message: format!("candidate proxy listener configuration is invalid: {error:#}"),
+                message: format!("candidate proxy listener configuration is invalid: {error:#}").into(),
            };
        }
    };
@@ -401,7 +402,8 @@ fn probe_claims(claims: &[BindClaim]) -> ListenerProbeOutcome {
                        claim.socket_addr(),
                        transport_name(claim.transport),
                        error
-                    ),
+                    )
+                    .into(),
                };
            }
            Err(error) => {
@@ -412,7 +414,8 @@ fn probe_claims(claims: &[BindClaim]) -> ListenerProbeOutcome {
                        claim.socket_addr(),
                        transport_name(claim.transport),
                        error
-                    ),
+                    )
+                    .into(),
                };
            }
        }
@@ -739,7 +742,7 @@ mod tests {
        let port = listener.local_addr()?.port();
        assert_eq!(
            probe_listener(&ListenerProbe {
-                address: format!("0.0.0.0:{port}"),
+                address: format!("0.0.0.0:{port}").into(),
                transports: vec![ListenerTransport::Tcp],
            }),
            ListenerProbeOutcome::Conflict {
@@ -755,7 +758,7 @@ mod tests {
        let listener = TcpListener::bind((Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST, 0))?;
        let port = listener.local_addr()?.port();
        let outcome = probe_listener(&ListenerProbe {
-            address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}"),
+            address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}").into(),
            transports: vec![ListenerTransport::Tcp],
        });
        assert_eq!(
@@ -773,7 +776,7 @@ mod tests {
        let listener = TcpListener::bind((Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, 0))?;
        let port = listener.local_addr()?.port();
        let outcome = probe_listener(&ListenerProbe {
-            address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}"),
+            address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}").into(),
            transports: vec![ListenerTransport::Tcp],
        });
        assert_eq!(
@@ -809,7 +812,7 @@ mod tests {

        assert_eq!(
            probe_listener(&ListenerProbe {
-                address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}"),
+                address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}").into(),
                transports: vec![ListenerTransport::Tcp],
            }),
            ListenerProbeOutcome::Available
@@ -822,7 +825,7 @@ mod tests {
        let socket = UdpSocket::bind((Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST, 0))?;
        let port = socket.local_addr()?.port();
        let outcome = probe_listener(&ListenerProbe {
-            address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}"),
+            address: format!("127.0.0.1:{port}").into(),
            transports: vec![ListenerTransport::Udp],
        });
        assert_eq!(
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use clash_verge_draft::DraftTransaction;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use clash_verge_service_ipc::StageRuntimeOutcome;
 use scopeguard::defer;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{
    collections::HashSet,
    path::PathBuf,
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ use std::{
    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
 use tauri_plugin_mihomo::Error as MihomoError;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// A staging result separated from the policy that acts on it.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ async fn ask_to_stage(path: &std::path::Path) -> StageAttempt {
    match crate::core::service::stage_runtime_by_service(path).await {
        Ok(StageRequest::Answered(outcome)) => StageAttempt::Answered(outcome),
        Ok(StageRequest::Refused { code, message }) => {
-            let message = message.into();
+            let message = message;
            if StageRequest::is_about_the_bundle(code) {
                StageAttempt::RefusedTheBundle(message)
            } else {
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ use crate::core::service::{SERVICE_MANAGER, ServiceStatus};
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use scopeguard::defer;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::path::Path;
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 use tauri_plugin_clash_verge_sysinfo::is_current_app_handle_admin;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", test))]
 const fn should_wait_for_service(tun_enabled: bool, service_ready: bool, is_admin: bool) -> bool {
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ async fn run_service_start_with_sidecar_fallback<Start, StartFuture, Check, Chec
    start_service: Start,
    confirm_idle: Check,
    start_sidecar: Fallback,
-    record_unavailable: impl FnOnce(std::string::String),
+    record_unavailable: impl FnOnce(String),
 ) -> Result<()>
 where
    Start: FnOnce() -> StartFuture,
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ where
    // A lost start response can hide a running core; the shared check must resolve occupancy.
    if let Err(probe_error) = confirm_idle().await {
        let error = error.context(format!("Sidecar fallback was not safe: {probe_error:#}"));
-        record_unavailable(format!("{error:#}"));
+        record_unavailable(format!("{error:#}").into());
        return Err(error);
    }
    logging!(
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ impl CoreManager {
                        |error| self.start_sidecar_after_service_failure(error),
                        |reason| {
                            crate::core::runstate::RUN_STATE
-                                .observe(crate::core::runstate::ServiceHealth::Unavailable(reason));
+                                .observe(crate::core::runstate::ServiceHealth::Unavailable(reason.into()));
                        },
                    )
                    .await
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ impl CoreManager {
        }
        let reason = match state.health {
            ServiceHealth::Unavailable(reason) => reason,
-            ServiceHealth::VersionMismatch => "registered service is unavailable or incompatible".to_owned(),
+            ServiceHealth::VersionMismatch => "registered service is unavailable or incompatible".into(),
            _ => return Ok(()),
        };
        if let Err(error) = clash_verge_service_ipc::execution::check_sidecar_available()
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ impl CoreManager {
        if Handle::global().is_exiting() {
            return Err(error.context("application exited before Sidecar fallback"));
        }
-        let reason = format!("{error:#}");
+        let reason: String = format!("{error:#}").into();
        RUN_STATE.allow_sidecar_after_service_refusal(reason.clone())?;
        logging!(warn, Type::Core, "Starting Sidecar with Service unavailable: {reason}");
        let result = self.start_core_by_sidecar().await;
@@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ mod tests {
                    started.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
                    Ok(())
                },
-                |reason| store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(reason)),
+                |reason| store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(reason.into())),
            )
            .await;

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::path::Path;
 use tauri_plugin_mihomo::MihomoExt as _;
 use tauri_plugin_shell::ShellExt as _;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub(super) fn explain_core_occupancy(error: anyhow::Error) -> anyhow::Error {
    let detail = error.to_string();
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ pub(super) fn explain_core_occupancy(error: anyhow::Error) -> anyhow::Error {
 }

 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-fn sidecar_config_without_tun(yaml: &str) -> Result<std::string::String> {
+fn sidecar_config_without_tun(yaml: &str) -> Result<String> {
    use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};

    let mut config: Mapping = serde_yaml_ng::from_str(yaml)?;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ fn sidecar_config_without_tun(yaml: &str) -> Result<std::string::String> {
    tun.as_mapping_mut()
        .context("invalid Sidecar TUN configuration")?
        .insert(Value::from("enable"), Value::Bool(false));
-    Ok(serde_yaml_ng::to_string(&config)?)
+    Ok(serde_yaml_ng::to_string(&config)?.into())
 }

 const SIDECAR_READINESS_ATTEMPTS: usize = 30;
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ impl CoreManager {
    pub async fn get_clash_logs(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        match *self.get_running_mode() {
            RunningMode::Service => service::get_clash_logs_by_service().await,
-            RunningMode::Sidecar => Ok(CLASH_LOGGER.get_logs()),
+            RunningMode::Sidecar => Ok(CLASH_LOGGER.get_logs().into_iter().map(Into::into).collect()),
            RunningMode::NotRunning => Ok(Vec::new()),
        }
    }
@@ -257,7 +258,9 @@ impl CoreManager {
                match event {
                    tauri_plugin_shell::process::CommandEvent::Stdout(line)
                    | tauri_plugin_shell::process::CommandEvent::Stderr(line) => {
-                        let message = String::from_utf8_lossy_owned(line);
+                        // from_utf8_lossy_owned exists only on the std String type; the tristr
+                        // alias shadows the bare name. LogRing stores std Strings.
+                        let message = std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy_owned(line);
                        Logger::global().writer_sidecar_log(Level::Error, &message);
                        CLASH_LOGGER.append_log(message);
                    }
@@ -265,12 +268,12 @@ impl CoreManager {
                        let _ = terminated.send(());
                        let manager = Self::global();
                        let _ = manager.invalidate_core_readiness_if(core_readiness_generation);
-                        let message = if let Some(code) = term.code {
-                            format!("Process terminated with code: {}", code)
+                        let message: String = if let Some(code) = term.code {
+                            format!("Process terminated with code: {}", code).into()
                        } else if let Some(signal) = term.signal {
-                            format!("Process terminated by signal: {}", signal)
+                            format!("Process terminated by signal: {}", signal).into()
                        } else {
-                            String::from("Process terminated")
+                            "Process terminated".into()
                        };
                        Logger::global().writer_sidecar_log(Level::Info, &message);
                        CLASH_LOGGER.clear_logs();
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 use super::NoticeStatus;
 use crate::{APP_HANDLE, singleton};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
-use std::sync::{
-    Arc,
-    atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
-};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use tauri::AppHandle;
 use tauri_plugin_mihomo::{Mihomo, MihomoExt as _};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 use super::notification::{FrontendEvent, NotificationSystem};

@@ -73,7 +70,7 @@ impl Handle {
        Self::send_event(FrontendEvent::ProfileUpdateCompleted { uid });
    }

-    pub fn notice(status: NoticeStatus, message: impl Into<Arc<str>>) {
+    pub fn notice(status: NoticeStatus, message: impl Into<String>) {
        Self::send_event(FrontendEvent::NoticeMessage {
            status,
            message: message.into(),
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 #[cfg(test)]
 use serde_json::json;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
 use std::{collections::HashMap, future::Future};
 use tauri::{AppHandle, Emitter as _, Manager as _, WebviewWindow};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum FrontendEvent<'a> {
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ pub enum FrontendEvent<'a> {
    RefreshProxyConfig,
    NoticeMessage {
        status: NoticeStatus,
-        message: Arc<str>,
+        message: String,
    },
    ProfileChanged {
        current_profile_id: &'a String,
@@ -77,10 +76,8 @@ impl FailedOperation {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct PendingFailure {
    /// Stable code used as the table key.
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    pub code: String,
    /// Full diagnostic context chain.
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    pub detail: String,
    pub operation: FailedOperation,
    /// Monotonic identity for repeated failures under the same code.
@@ -247,7 +244,6 @@ static PENDING_FAILURES: LazyLock<FailureTable> = LazyLock::new(FailureTable::de
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, serde::Serialize, specta::Type)]
 pub struct SidecarFailureSnapshot {
    pub revision: u64,
-    #[specta(type = Option<std::string::String>)]
    pub detail: Option<String>,
 }

@@ -391,7 +387,7 @@ fn sample_frontend_events(uid: &String) -> Vec<(FrontendEvent<'_>, &'static str,
        (
            FrontendEvent::NoticeMessage {
                status: NoticeStatus::Info,
-                message: Arc::from("ok"),
+                message: String::from("ok"),
            },
            "verge://notice-message",
            json!(["info", "ok"]),
@@ -456,16 +452,16 @@ frontend_events! {
    refresh_verge: () = "verge://refresh-verge-config", FrontendEvent::RefreshVerge => ();
    refresh_profiles: () = "verge://refresh-profiles", FrontendEvent::RefreshProfiles => ();
    refresh_proxy: () = "verge://refresh-proxy-config", FrontendEvent::RefreshProxyConfig => ();
-    notice: (NoticeStatus, std::string::String) = "verge://notice-message", FrontendEvent::NoticeMessage { status, ref message } => (status, message.to_string());
-    profile_changed: std::string::String = "profile-changed", FrontendEvent::ProfileChanged { current_profile_id } => current_profile_id.to_string();
-    timer_updated: std::string::String = "verge://timer-updated", FrontendEvent::TimerUpdated { profile_index } => profile_index.to_string();
-    profile_started: ProfileUpdatePayload = "profile-update-started", FrontendEvent::ProfileUpdateStarted { uid } => ProfileUpdatePayload { uid: uid.to_string() };
-    profile_completed: ProfileUpdatePayload = "profile-update-completed", FrontendEvent::ProfileUpdateCompleted { uid } => ProfileUpdatePayload { uid: uid.to_string() };
+    notice: (NoticeStatus, String) = "verge://notice-message", FrontendEvent::NoticeMessage { status, ref message } => (status, message.clone());
+    profile_changed: String = "profile-changed", FrontendEvent::ProfileChanged { current_profile_id } => current_profile_id.clone();
+    timer_updated: String = "verge://timer-updated", FrontendEvent::TimerUpdated { profile_index } => profile_index.clone();
+    profile_started: ProfileUpdatePayload = "profile-update-started", FrontendEvent::ProfileUpdateStarted { uid } => ProfileUpdatePayload { uid: uid.clone() };
+    profile_completed: ProfileUpdatePayload = "profile-update-completed", FrontendEvent::ProfileUpdateCompleted { uid } => ProfileUpdatePayload { uid: uid.clone() };
    run_state: crate::core::runstate::RunStateView = "verge://run-state-changed", FrontendEvent::RunStateChanged { state } => state;
    pending_failures: () = "verge://pending-failures-changed", FrontendEvent::PendingFailuresChanged => ();
 }

 #[derive(serde::Serialize, specta::Type)]
 pub struct ProfileUpdatePayload {
-    pub uid: std::string::String,
+    pub uid: String,
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ use crate::utils::dirs;
 use anyhow::{Context as _, Result};
 use clash_verge_service_ipc::{OwnerCredentials, OwnerIdentity};
 use std::path::Path;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub(crate) fn current_owner_credentials() -> Result<OwnerCredentials> {
    current_owner_credentials_for_root(&dirs::app_home_dir()?)
@@ -39,16 +41,16 @@ pub(crate) fn current_owner_credentials_for_root(app_root: &Path) -> Result<Owne
 }

 #[cfg(windows)]
-fn windows_owner_credentials(app_data_root: &Path) -> Result<(OwnerIdentity, Option<String>)> {
+fn windows_owner_credentials(app_data_root: &Path) -> Result<(OwnerIdentity, Option<std::string::String>)> {
    let sid = windows_owner::current_sid()?;
    let token = windows_owner::load_or_create_token(app_data_root, &sid)?;
-    Ok((OwnerIdentity::Windows { sid }, Some(token)))
+    Ok((OwnerIdentity::Windows { sid: sid.into() }, Some(token.into())))
 }

 #[cfg(windows)]
 fn windows_current_identity() -> Result<OwnerIdentity> {
    Ok(OwnerIdentity::Windows {
-        sid: windows_owner::current_sid()?,
+        sid: windows_owner::current_sid()?.into(),
    })
 }

@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ pub(crate) fn repair_app_data_root_owner(app_data_root: &Path) -> Result<()> {
 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub(crate) fn current_user_pipe_sddl() -> Result<String> {
    let sid = windows_owner::current_sid()?;
-    Ok(format!("D:P(A;;GA;;;{sid})(A;;GA;;;SY)(A;;GA;;;BA)"))
+    Ok(format!("D:P(A;;GA;;;{sid})(A;;GA;;;SY)(A;;GA;;;BA)").into())
 }

 #[cfg(windows)]
@@ -644,17 +646,19 @@ mod windows_owner {
        }
        let value = LocalWideString(value);
        let length = (0..).take_while(|index| unsafe { *value.0.add(*index) } != 0).count();
-        String::from_utf16(unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(value.0, length) })
+        // from_utf16 exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+        std::string::String::from_utf16(unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(value.0, length) })
            .context("process SID is not valid UTF-16")
+            .map(Into::into)
    }

    fn encode_token(token: &[u8; TOKEN_BYTES]) -> String {
-        let mut encoded = String::with_capacity(TOKEN_BYTES * 2);
+        let mut encoded = std::string::String::with_capacity(TOKEN_BYTES * 2);
        for byte in token {
            use std::fmt::Write as _;
            let _ = write!(encoded, "{byte:02x}");
        }
-        encoded
+        encoded.into()
    }

    fn wide_path(path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u16>> {
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use std::{
    time::Duration,
 };
 use tokio::{sync::Mutex, time::timeout};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 const CLEAR_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 3;
 const CLEAR_RETRY_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
@@ -320,7 +321,8 @@ fn truncate_utf8(value: &mut String, max_bytes: usize) {
    while !value.is_char_boundary(boundary) {
        boundary -= 1;
    }
-    value.truncate(boundary);
+    let truncated = value.as_str()[..boundary].into();
+    *value = truncated;
 }

 fn service_bypass(verge: &IVerge) -> Result<String> {
@@ -328,11 +330,11 @@ fn service_bypass(verge: &IVerge) -> Result<String> {
    ensure!(!custom.contains('\0'), "system proxy bypass contains NUL");

    let mut bypass = if custom.is_empty() {
-        MACOS_DEFAULT_BYPASS.to_owned()
+        MACOS_DEFAULT_BYPASS.into()
    } else if verge.use_default_bypass.unwrap_or(true) {
-        format!("{MACOS_DEFAULT_BYPASS},{custom}")
+        format!("{MACOS_DEFAULT_BYPASS},{custom}").into()
    } else {
-        custom.to_owned()
+        custom.into()
    };
    truncate_utf8(&mut bypass, MAX_SERVICE_BYPASS_LEN);
    Ok(bypass)
@@ -353,7 +355,7 @@ fn service_proxy_config(verge: &IVerge, mixed_port: u16, pac_port: u16) -> Resul
        Ok(MacosProxyConfig::Global {
            host: LOOPBACK_HOST.to_owned(),
            port: mixed_port,
-            bypass: service_bypass(verge)?,
+            bypass: service_bypass(verge)?.into(),
        })
    }
 }
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ fn service_apply_result(requested: &MacosProxyConfig, outcome: ProxyApplyOutcome
        // Direct fallback satisfies a disable request.
        ProxyApplyOutcome::DirectFallback { .. } if matches!(requested, MacosProxyConfig::Disabled) => Ok(()),
        ProxyApplyOutcome::DirectFallback { message } => {
-            Err(SysproxyFailure::DirectFallback { detail: message }.into())
+            Err(SysproxyFailure::DirectFallback { detail: message.into() }.into())
        }
    }
 }
@@ -644,7 +646,7 @@ const GUARD_FAILURES_BEFORE_STOPPING: u32 = 3;

 async fn report_guard_stopped(captured_generation: u64, error: &anyhow::Error) {
    let stopped = anyhow::Error::new(SysproxyFailure::GuardStopped {
-        detail: format!("{error:#}"),
+        detail: format!("{error:#}").into(),
    });
    // Do not publish a late failure from a replaced guard.
    let recorded = SERVICE_PROXY_OPERATIONS
@@ -1106,7 +1108,7 @@ mod tests {
        let requested = MacosProxyConfig::Global {
            host: "127.0.0.1".to_owned(),
            port: 7890,
-            bypass: String::new(),
+            bypass: std::string::String::new(),
        };

        let error = service_apply_result(
@@ -1146,8 +1148,8 @@ mod tests {
        let events = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
        super::settle_table(
            effect,
-            |asked| events.lock().push(format!("retire:{asked:?}")),
-            |operation, _| events.lock().push(format!("file:{operation:?}")),
+            |asked| events.lock().push(format!("retire:{asked:?}").into()),
+            |operation, _| events.lock().push(format!("file:{operation:?}").into()),
        );
        events.into_inner()
    }
@@ -1276,7 +1278,7 @@ mod tests {
        let combined = rollback_failure(
            mappable(),
            anyhow::anyhow!("the service could not set it").context(SysproxyFailure::DirectFallback {
-                detail: "fell back to direct".to_owned(),
+                detail: "fell back to direct".into(),
            }),
        );

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 use tauri_plugin_mihomo::models::{
    DelayHistory, Proxies, Proxy, ProxyProvider, ProxyProviders, ProxyType, VehicleType,
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub struct ProxyViewInput {
    pub runtime_group_order: Vec<String>,
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ impl ProxyViewBuilder {

        let global = core_groups
            .remove("GLOBAL")
-            .map(|proxy| build_group("GLOBAL".to_owned(), proxy, &resolver));
+            .map(|proxy| build_group(String::from("GLOBAL"), proxy, &resolver));
        let (groups, order_source) = build_ordered_groups(core_groups, runtime_group_order, &resolver);
        let direct = core_node_ids.get("DIRECT").cloned();
        let standalone = build_standalone(&core_node_ids);
@@ -294,6 +295,7 @@ fn partition_core(proxies: Proxies) -> (BTreeMap<String, Proxy>, BTreeMap<String
    let mut nodes = BTreeMap::new();

    for (name, proxy) in proxies.proxies {
+        let name = String::from(name);
        if proxy.all.is_some() {
            groups.insert(name, proxy);
        } else {
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ fn build_core_records(
    let mut ids = BTreeMap::new();

    for (index, (name, proxy)) in core_nodes.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        let record_id = format!("c:{index}");
+        let record_id = String::from(format!("c:{index}"));
        ids.insert(name.clone(), record_id.clone());
        records.insert(
            record_id.clone(),
@@ -332,7 +334,13 @@ fn build_provider_records(
    records: &mut BTreeMap<String, ProxyNodeView>,
 ) -> (Vec<ProxyProviderView>, ProviderCandidates) {
    let providers = providers
-        .map(|providers| providers.providers.into_iter().collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>())
+        .map(|providers| {
+            providers
+                .providers
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(name, provider)| (String::from(name), provider))
+                .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
+        })
        .unwrap_or_default();
    let mut views = Vec::new();
    let mut candidates = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -355,9 +363,9 @@ fn build_provider_records(
        let mut proxy_record_ids = Vec::new();

        for (member_index, proxy) in proxies.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            let record_id = format!("p:{provider_index}:{member_index}");
-            let proxy_name = proxy.name.clone();
-            let node_name = proxy.name.clone();
+            let record_id = String::from(format!("p:{provider_index}:{member_index}"));
+            let proxy_name = String::from(proxy.name.as_str());
+            let node_name = String::from(proxy.name.as_str());
            candidates
                .entry(proxy_name.clone())
                .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
@@ -380,7 +388,7 @@ fn build_provider_records(
        views.push(ProxyProviderView {
            name: provider_name,
            vehicle_type,
-            updated_at,
+            updated_at: updated_at.map(String::from),
            subscription_info: subscription_info.map(|subscription_info| ProxySubscriptionInfo {
                upload: subscription_info.upload,
                download: subscription_info.download,
@@ -417,6 +425,7 @@ fn build_group(name: String, proxy: Proxy, resolver: &MemberResolver<'_>) -> Pro
        .unwrap_or_default()
        .into_iter()
        .map(|member| {
+            let member = String::from(member);
            let (occurrence, scoped) = seen
                .entry(member.clone())
                .or_insert_with(|| (0, resolver.scoped_candidates(&name, &member)));
@@ -429,11 +438,11 @@ fn build_group(name: String, proxy: Proxy, resolver: &MemberResolver<'_>) -> Pro
    ProxyGroupView {
        name,
        proxy_type,
-        now,
-        fixed,
+        now: now.map(String::from),
+        fixed: fixed.map(String::from),
        hidden,
-        icon,
-        test_url,
+        icon: icon.map(String::from),
+        test_url: test_url.map(String::from),
        history,
        capabilities: ProxyCapabilities {
            udp,
@@ -467,10 +476,10 @@ fn build_node(record_id: String, name: String, proxy: Proxy, source: ProxyNodeSo
        name,
        proxy_type,
        history,
-        id,
+        id: id.map(String::from),
        hidden,
-        icon,
-        test_url,
+        icon: icon.map(String::from),
+        test_url: test_url.map(String::from),
        capabilities: ProxyCapabilities {
            udp,
            xudp,
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl RunStateEnv for RealEnv {
        Ok(ServiceVersionReply {
            core,
            code: response.code,
-            message: response.message,
+            message: response.message.into(),
            protocol: response.data,
        })
    }
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ mod fake {

    use super::{PendingAction, RunState, RunStateEnv, ServiceVersionReply};
    use crate::core::manager::RunningMode;
+    use tristr::alias::String;

    /// A fail-closed scripted machine that records outbound effects.
    #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ mod fake {
            self.with_evidence(true).always_replying(Ok(ServiceVersionReply {
                core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
                code: 0,
-                message: "ok".to_owned(),
+                message: "ok".into(),
                protocol: Some(ProtocolInfo::current()),
            }))
        }
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ mod fake {
            self.with_evidence(true).always_replying(Ok(ServiceVersionReply {
                core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
                code: 0,
-                message: "ok".to_owned(),
+                message: "ok".into(),
                protocol: None,
            }))
        }
@@ -181,12 +182,12 @@ mod fake {
        #[must_use]
        pub fn service_unreachable(self) -> Self {
            self.with_evidence(true)
-                .always_replying(Err("ipc transport refused".to_owned()))
+                .always_replying(Err("ipc transport refused".into()))
        }

        #[must_use]
        pub fn evidence_unavailable(mut self) -> Self {
-            self.evidence = Err("registry probe failed".to_owned());
+            self.evidence = Err("registry probe failed".into());
            self
        }

@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ mod fake {

        #[must_use]
        pub fn privileged_operations_fail(self, reason: &str) -> Self {
-            *self.privileged_outcome.lock() = Err(reason.to_owned());
+            *self.privileged_outcome.lock() = Err(reason.into());
            self
        }

@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ mod fake {
                replies
                    .first()
                    .cloned()
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Err("no service configured".to_owned()))
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Err("no service configured".into()))
            };
            reply.map_err(|error| anyhow!(error))
        }
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 //! Core lifecycle remains in `CoreManager`.

 use crate::core::manager::RunningMode;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ServiceHealth {
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl<E: RunStateEnv> RunStateStore<E> {
                    Type::Service,
                    "failed to inspect trusted service evidence: {error:#}"
                );
-                return ServiceHealth::Unavailable(format!("service detection failed: {error:#}"));
+                return ServiceHealth::Unavailable(format!("service detection failed: {error:#}").into());
            }
        };

@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ impl<E: RunStateEnv> RunStateStore<E> {
    }

    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-    pub fn allow_sidecar_after_service_refusal(&self, reason: String) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn allow_sidecar_after_service_refusal(&self, reason: tristr::alias::String) -> Result<()> {
        let mut state = self.service.lock();
        if self.operation_running.load(Ordering::Acquire) || state.service.pending.is_some() {
            bail!("cannot fall back while a service operation is pending");
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ mod tests {
        ServiceVersionReply {
            core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
            code: 0,
-            message: "ok".to_owned(),
+            message: "ok".into(),
            protocol: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::ProtocolInfo::current()),
        }
    }
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ mod tests {
        for health in [
            ServiceHealth::NotInstalled,
            ServiceHealth::VersionMismatch,
-            ServiceHealth::Unavailable("boom".to_owned()),
+            ServiceHealth::Unavailable("boom".into()),
        ] {
            let store = with_env(FakeEnv::new());
            store.observe(health.clone());
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn awaiting_readiness_retries_a_silent_service_then_accepts_its_reply() {
-        let store = with_env(FakeEnv::new().replying(vec![Err("ipc path not ready".to_owned()), Ok(ready_reply())]));
+        let store = with_env(FakeEnv::new().replying(vec![Err("ipc path not ready".into()), Ok(ready_reply())]));

        let state = store
            .await_ready(2, Duration::ZERO)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use clash_verge_service_ipc::{
 };

 use super::health::ServiceHealth;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// What the Service replied to a protocol-version query.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn classify_service_version_reply(reply: &ServiceVersionReply) -> ServiceVer
        return match &reply.core {
            Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready) => ServiceVersionCheck::Ready,
            Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Rejected { reason }) => {
-                ServiceVersionCheck::CoreUnavailable(format!("{CORE_REJECTED_PREFIX}{reason}"))
+                ServiceVersionCheck::CoreUnavailable(format!("{CORE_REJECTED_PREFIX}{reason}").into())
            }
            _ => ServiceVersionCheck::CoreUnavailable(
                "the selected approved core is missing or does not match; reinstall the service to repair it".into(),
@@ -77,9 +78,12 @@ pub fn classify_service_version_reply(reply: &ServiceVersionReply) -> ServiceVer
            reply.code, reply.message, client.epoch
        )
    };
-    ServiceVersionCheck::NeedsReinstall(format!(
-        "Service helper version or protocol mismatch: {detail}. Choose Reinstall to uninstall the existing service and install the required version"
-    ))
+    ServiceVersionCheck::NeedsReinstall(
+        format!(
+            "Service helper version or protocol mismatch: {detail}. Choose Reinstall to uninstall the existing service and install the required version"
+        )
+        .into(),
+    )
 }

 /// Classify a version reply into the probe outcome used by [`classify_service_health`].
@@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn classify_service_health(
    match current {
        CurrentServiceProbe::Ready => ServiceHealth::Ready,
        CurrentServiceProbe::VersionMismatch => ServiceHealth::VersionMismatch,
-        CurrentServiceProbe::Unavailable => ServiceHealth::Unavailable(unavailable_reason.to_owned()),
+        CurrentServiceProbe::Unavailable => ServiceHealth::Unavailable(unavailable_reason.into()),
        CurrentServiceProbe::Missing if has_install_marker => ServiceHealth::VersionMismatch,
        CurrentServiceProbe::Missing => ServiceHealth::NotInstalled,
    }
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ mod tests {
        ServiceVersionReply {
            core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
            code: 0,
-            message: "ok".to_owned(),
+            message: "ok".into(),
            protocol: Some(ProtocolInfo::current()),
        }
    }
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ mod tests {
        let reply = ServiceVersionReply {
            core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
            code: 0,
-            message: "ok".to_owned(),
+            message: "ok".into(),
            protocol: None,
        };
        let ServiceVersionCheck::NeedsReinstall(detail) = classify_service_version_reply(&reply) else {
@@ -172,7 +176,7 @@ mod tests {
        let reply = ServiceVersionReply {
            core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
            code: 7,
-            message: "nope".to_owned(),
+            message: "nope".into(),
            protocol: Some(ProtocolInfo::current()),
        };
        let ServiceVersionCheck::NeedsReinstall(detail) = classify_service_version_reply(&reply) else {
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ mod tests {
        let reply = ServiceVersionReply {
            core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
            code: 0,
-            message: "ok".to_owned(),
+            message: "ok".into(),
            protocol: Some(info),
        };
        assert!(matches!(
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ mod tests {
        let reply = ServiceVersionReply {
            core: Some(clash_verge_service_ipc::CoreAvailability::Ready),
            code: 0,
-            message: "ok".to_owned(),
+            message: "ok".into(),
            protocol: Some(info),
        };
        assert!(matches!(
@@ -228,7 +232,7 @@ mod tests {
                let reply = ServiceVersionReply {
                    core: None,
                    code,
-                    message: "unsupported command".to_owned(),
+                    message: "unsupported command".into(),
                    protocol: protocol.clone(),
                };
                let ServiceVersionCheck::NeedsReinstall(detail) = classify_service_version_reply(&reply) else {
@@ -250,7 +254,7 @@ mod tests {
    fn an_unreachable_service_keeps_the_reason() {
        assert_eq!(
            classify_service_health(CurrentServiceProbe::Unavailable, true, "socket refused"),
-            ServiceHealth::Unavailable("socket refused".to_owned())
+            ServiceHealth::Unavailable("socket refused".into())
        );
    }

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
 use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet};
 use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub(crate) const GEO_ASSETS: &[&str] = &[
    "Country.mmdb",
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ struct ProviderPathOwners {
 pub(crate) fn resolve_provider_path_conflicts(config: &mut Mapping, config_root: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    let config_root = std::fs::canonicalize(config_root)?;
    let mut paths = BTreeMap::<String, ProviderPathOwners>::new();
-    let mut reserved: HashSet<String> = GEO_ASSETS.iter().map(|name| (*name).to_owned()).collect();
+    let mut reserved: HashSet<String> = GEO_ASSETS.iter().map(|name| (*name).into()).collect();
    for section in ["proxy-providers", "rule-providers"] {
        let Some(providers) = config.get(section).and_then(Value::as_mapping) else {
            continue;
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_provider_path_conflicts(config: &mut Mapping, config_root:
            match (is_remote, provider.get("url").and_then(Value::as_str)) {
                (true, Some(url)) => owners
                    .remote
-                    .entry(url.to_owned())
+                    .entry(url.into())
                    .or_default()
                    .push((section, name.clone())),
                _ => owners.local = true,
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_provider_path_conflicts(config: &mut Mapping, config_root:
        for (url, providers) in owners.remote {
            let replacement = allocate_provider_destination(&destination, &url, &mut reserved);
            for (section, name) in providers {
-                config[section][&name]["path"] = Value::String(replacement.clone());
+                config[section][&name]["path"] = Value::String(replacement.clone().into());
                logging!(
                    warn,
                    Type::Config,
@@ -131,15 +132,16 @@ fn allocate_provider_destination(destination: &str, url: &str, reserved: &mut Ha
    let mut suffix = String::new();
    let mut sequence = 0;
    loop {
-        let candidate = path
+        let candidate: String = path
            .with_file_name(format!("cvr-{digest}{suffix}{extension}"))
            .to_string_lossy()
-            .replace('\\', "/");
+            .replace('\\', "/")
+            .into();
        if reserved.insert(candidate.clone()) {
            return candidate;
        }
        sequence += 1;
-        suffix = format!("-{sequence}");
+        suffix = format!("-{sequence}").into();
    }
 }

@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ fn collect_runtime_parts(mut config: Value, config_root: &Path) -> Result<Runtim
    )?;
    for filename in GEO_ASSETS {
        let source = config_root.join(filename);
-        if source.is_file() && destinations.insert((*filename).to_string()) {
+        if source.is_file() && destinations.insert((*filename).into()) {
            assets.push(RuntimeAsset {
                source: std::fs::canonicalize(&source)?.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
                destination: (*filename).to_string(),
@@ -228,9 +230,9 @@ fn collect_provider_assets(
                        }
                        remote_providers.push(RemoteProviderRef {
                            section,
-                            name: name.as_str().unwrap_or_default().to_owned(),
+                            name: name.as_str().unwrap_or_default().into(),
                            provider: RemoteProvider {
-                                destination: destination.clone(),
+                                destination: destination.clone().into(),
                                url,
                            },
                        });
@@ -259,13 +261,13 @@ fn collect_provider_assets(
                if destinations.insert(destination.clone()) {
                    assets.push(RuntimeAsset {
                        source: source.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
-                        destination: destination.clone(),
+                        destination: destination.clone().into(),
                    });
                }
                destination
            }
        };
-        provider.insert(Value::String("path".to_owned()), Value::String(destination));
+        provider.insert(Value::String("path".to_owned()), Value::String(destination.into()));
    }
    Ok(())
 }
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ fn normalized_destination(relative: &Path) -> Result<String> {
    if destination.as_os_str().is_empty() {
        bail!("local runtime provider destination is empty");
    }
-    Ok(destination.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/"))
+    Ok(destination.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/").into())
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -385,12 +387,12 @@ mod tests {
        for declared in readback {
            assert!(bundle.remote_providers.contains(&declared.provider));
            assert_eq!(
-                config[declared.section][&declared.name]["path"],
+                config[declared.section][declared.name.as_str()]["path"],
                declared.provider.destination
            );
            assert_eq!(
-                config[declared.section][&declared.name]["url"],
-                original[declared.section][&declared.name]["url"]
+                config[declared.section][declared.name.as_str()]["url"],
+                original[declared.section][declared.name.as_str()]["url"]
            );
        }
        std::fs::remove_dir_all(root)?;
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use std::{
    sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering},
    time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH},
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 static OWNER_MONITOR_GENERATION: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
 static ACTIVE_SERVICE_SESSION: Mutex<Option<ActiveServiceSession>> = Mutex::new(None);
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ pub(crate) fn is_not_auto_started(reason: &str) -> bool {

 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 pub(crate) fn notify_service_fallback(reason: &str) {
-    *PENDING_SERVICE_FALLBACK_NOTICE.lock() = Some(reason.to_owned());
+    *PENDING_SERVICE_FALLBACK_NOTICE.lock() = Some(reason.into());
    Handle::notice(NoticeStatus::ServiceCoreSidecarFallback, "");
 }

@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ fn app_data_owner_command(credentials: &OwnerCredentials) -> Option<String> {
        return None;
    };
    let path = credentials.app_data_dir.replace('\'', r"'\''");
-    Some(format!("sudo chown -R {uid}:{gid} '{path}'"))
+    Some(format!("sudo chown -R {uid}:{gid} '{path}'").into())
 }

 /// Capabilities of the service session that owns the running Core.
@@ -243,22 +244,24 @@ fn macos_service_install_markers() -> Vec<String> {
        format!(
            "/Library/LaunchDaemons/{}.plist",
            clash_verge_service_ipc::MACOS_SERVICE_ID
-        ),
+        )
+        .into(),
        format!(
            "/Library/PrivilegedHelperTools/{}.bundle",
            clash_verge_service_ipc::MACOS_SERVICE_ID
-        ),
+        )
+        .into(),
        #[cfg(not(feature = "verge-dev"))]
-        "/Library/LaunchDaemons/io.github.clashverge.helper.plist".to_owned(),
+        "/Library/LaunchDaemons/io.github.clashverge.helper.plist".into(),
        #[cfg(not(feature = "verge-dev"))]
-        "/Library/PrivilegedHelperTools/io.github.clashverge.helper".to_owned(),
+        "/Library/PrivilegedHelperTools/io.github.clashverge.helper".into(),
    ]
 }

 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 fn macos_service_install_marker_exists() -> std::io::Result<bool> {
    for marker in macos_service_install_markers() {
-        if path_entry_exists_without_follow(Path::new(&marker))? {
+        if path_entry_exists_without_follow(Path::new(marker.as_str()))? {
            return Ok(true);
        }
    }
@@ -335,7 +338,8 @@ pub(crate) fn trusted_service_evidence() -> Result<bool> {
            output.status
        );
    }
-    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).trim() != "not-found")
+    // from_utf8_lossy exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    Ok(std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).trim() != "not-found")
 }

 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
@@ -564,12 +568,12 @@ fn service_core_path(clash_core: &str, bin_ext: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {

 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 fn escape_osascript_double_quoted_string(value: &str) -> String {
-    value.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('"', "\\\"")
+    value.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('"', "\\\"").into()
 }

 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 fn shell_single_quote(value: &str) -> String {
-    format!("'{}'", value.replace('\'', r"'\''"))
+    format!("'{}'", value.replace('\'', r"'\''")).into()
 }

 fn packaged_service_tool_path(file_name: &str, packaged_path: impl FnOnce() -> Result<PathBuf>) -> Result<PathBuf> {
@@ -641,7 +645,7 @@ fn uninstall_service() -> Result<()> {
    let status = if linux_running_as_root() {
        StdCommand::new(&uninstall_path).status()?
    } else {
-        let result = StdCommand::new(&elevator)
+        let result = StdCommand::new(elevator.as_str())
            .arg("--disable-internal-agent")
            .arg(&uninstall_path)
            .status()?;
@@ -697,7 +701,7 @@ fn uninstall_service() -> Result<()> {
    }

    let uninstall_path = macos_service_tool_path(&uninstall_path)?;
-    let uninstall_shell: String = uninstall_path.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+    let uninstall_shell: String = uninstall_path.to_string_lossy().into();

    // clash_verge_i18n::sync_locale(Config::verge().await.latest_arc().language.as_deref());

@@ -843,7 +847,7 @@ pub(super) async fn stage_runtime_by_service(config_file: &Path) -> Result<Stage
    if response.code > 0 {
        return Ok(StageRequest::Refused {
            code: response.code,
-            message: response.message,
+            message: response.message.into(),
        });
    }
    response
@@ -879,7 +883,7 @@ fn record_service_start_refusal<E: RunStateEnv>(
    if store.state().mode == crate::core::manager::RunningMode::NotRunning
        && refusal.code != ServiceErrorCode::ProxyClearFailed as u16
    {
-        store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(refusal.to_string()));
+        store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(refusal.to_string().into()));
    }
    refusal.into()
 }
@@ -887,7 +891,7 @@ fn record_service_start_refusal<E: RunStateEnv>(
 /// Sidecar stays blocked until a reinstall replaces the residual helper, so ask for repair.
 pub(super) fn record_residual_service(error: &anyhow::Error) {
    if let Some(residual) = error.downcast_ref::<clash_verge_service_ipc::execution::ResidualServiceError>() {
-        RUN_STATE.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(residual.to_string()));
+        RUN_STATE.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(residual.to_string().into()));
    }
 }

@@ -901,7 +905,7 @@ pub(super) async fn start_with_existing_service(config_file: &Path) -> Result<()
    let proposed_session_token = generate_service_session_token()?;
    let request = StartClashRequest {
        runtime,
-        proposed_session_token: proposed_session_token.clone(),
+        proposed_session_token: proposed_session_token.clone().into(),
        macos_proxy: None,
    };

@@ -939,8 +943,8 @@ pub(super) async fn start_with_existing_service(config_file: &Path) -> Result<()
            &RUN_STATE,
            ServiceStartRefusal {
                code: response.code,
-                core_path: request.runtime.core_path,
-                message: err_msg,
+                core_path: request.runtime.core_path.into(),
+                message: err_msg.into(),
            },
        ));
    }
@@ -952,7 +956,7 @@ pub(super) async fn start_with_existing_service(config_file: &Path) -> Result<()
    *ACTIVE_SERVICE_SESSION.lock() = Some(ActiveServiceSession {
        proof: OwnerSessionProof {
            generation: result.session.generation,
-            token: proposed_session_token,
+            token: proposed_session_token.into(),
        },
        supports_runtime_staging: capabilities.runtime_staging,
        supports_runtime_file_read: capabilities.runtime_file_read,
@@ -1012,7 +1016,10 @@ pub(super) async fn get_clash_logs_by_service() -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        bail!(err_msg);
    }

-    Ok(response.data.unwrap_or_default())
+    Ok(response
+        .data
+        .map(|logs| logs.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect())
+        .unwrap_or_default())
 }

 pub(crate) async fn get_clash_log_snapshot_by_service() -> Result<String> {
@@ -1030,7 +1037,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_clash_log_snapshot_by_service() -> Result<String> {
    }
    let encoded = response.data.context("服务未返回核心日志快照")?;
    let content = decode_hex(&encoded).context("服务返回了无效的核心日志快照")?;
-    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy_owned(content))
+    // from_utf8_lossy_owned exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    Ok(std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy_owned(content).into())
 }

 fn decode_hex(encoded: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -1344,7 +1352,7 @@ async fn read_chunk(
    }
    Ok(Some(match response.data.context("服务未返回运行时文件")? {
        RuntimeFileOutcome::Absent => (None, 0, None),
-        RuntimeFileOutcome::Chunk { hex, len, mtime_ns } => (Some(hex), len, mtime_ns),
+        RuntimeFileOutcome::Chunk { hex, len, mtime_ns } => (Some(hex.into()), len, mtime_ns),
    }))
 }

@@ -1356,11 +1364,11 @@ async fn provider_load_times() -> Result<ProviderLoadTimes> {
    let proxies = proxies.map_err(|error| anyhow!("failed to query proxy providers: {error}"))?;
    let mut loaded = ProviderLoadTimes::new();
    for (name, provider) in rules.providers {
-        loaded.insert(("rule-providers", name), epoch_nanos(&provider.updated_at));
+        loaded.insert(("rule-providers", name.into()), epoch_nanos(&provider.updated_at));
    }
    for (name, provider) in proxies.providers {
        loaded.insert(
-            ("proxy-providers", name),
+            ("proxy-providers", name.into()),
            provider.updated_at.as_deref().and_then(epoch_nanos),
        );
    }
@@ -1586,7 +1594,7 @@ const fn owner_recovery_policy(reason: OwnerRecoveryReason, is_macos: bool) -> O
 fn mark_service_unavailable_after_owner_loss<E: RunStateEnv>(store: &RunStateStore<E>, reason: OwnerRecoveryReason) {
    if matches!(reason, OwnerRecoveryReason::TransportFailure) {
        store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(
-            "service control IPC unavailable after sustained transport failure".to_owned(),
+            "service control IPC unavailable after sustained transport failure".into(),
        ));
    }
 }
@@ -1847,7 +1855,7 @@ async fn wait_for_service_ipc() -> Result<()> {
        }
        Err(ReadyWaitError::Unreachable(error)) => {
            tracing::Span::current().record("outcome", "unreachable");
-            RUN_STATE.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(format!("{CONTEXT}: {error:#}")));
+            RUN_STATE.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable(format!("{CONTEXT}: {error:#}").into()));
            Err(error).context(CONTEXT)
        }
        Err(ReadyWaitError::Rejected(error)) => {
@@ -2662,7 +2670,7 @@ mod tests {
        let outcome = super::run_action_restoring_sidecar(&store, was_allowed, async {
            store.perform(PendingAction::Install).await?;
            // Simulate `wait_for_service_ipc` recording health before it fails.
-            store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable("service never answered".to_owned()));
+            store.observe(ServiceHealth::Unavailable("service never answered".into()));
            bail!("service IPC did not become available")
        })
        .await;
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use scopeguard::defer;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{
    sync::{
        Arc,
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 use sysproxy::{Autoproxy, GuardMonitor, GuardType, Sysproxy};
 use tokio::sync::Mutex as TokioMutex;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum ProxyApplyStep {
@@ -677,8 +677,8 @@ mod tests {
        (calls.into_inner(), result.is_ok())
    }

-    fn failure_text(result: anyhow::Result<()>) -> std::string::String {
-        result.map_or_else(|error| format!("{error:#}"), |()| "no failure".to_owned())
+    fn failure_text(result: anyhow::Result<()>) -> String {
+        result.map_or_else(|error| format!("{error:#}").into(), |()| String::from("no failure"))
    }

    #[test]
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use crate::{
 use anyhow::Result;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    sync::{
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ use tokio::{
 };
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt as _;
 use tokio_util::time::{DelayQueue, delay_queue::Key};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 enum TimerCommand {
    Apply(HashMap<String, TaskSchedule>),
@@ -502,7 +502,6 @@ mod tests {
    use super::{TaskSchedule, Timer, run_timer_profile_update_transition};
    use crate::config::{PrfItem, PrfOption};
    use parking_lot::Mutex;
-    use smartstring::alias::String;
    use std::collections::HashMap;
    use std::{
        sync::{
@@ -515,6 +514,7 @@ mod tests {
    use tokio::sync::Barrier;
    use tokio_stream::StreamExt as _;
    use tokio_util::time::DelayQueue;
+    use tristr::alias::String;

    struct CancellationProbe {
        cancelled: Arc<AtomicBool>,
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use tokio::fs;

 use super::handle;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ use tauri::{
    AppHandle, Wry,
    menu::{CheckMenuItem, IsMenuItem, MenuEvent, MenuItem, PredefinedMenuItem, Submenu},
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 mod menu_def;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
@@ -422,12 +422,11 @@ fn create_hotkeys(hotkeys: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> HashMap<&str, &str> {
                    let mut parts = item.split(',');
                    match (parts.next(), parts.next()) {
                        (Some(func), Some(key)) => {
-                            // 托盘菜单中的 `accelerator` 属性，在 Linux/Windows 中都不支持小键盘按键的解析
-                            if key.to_uppercase().contains("NUMPAD") {
-                                None
-                            } else {
-                                Some((func, key))
-                            }
+                            // 托盘菜单的 `accelerator` 在 Linux/Windows 下不支持小键盘按键，Windows 下也不支持 Win 键（前端上报为 `CMD`）
+                            let uppercase_key = key.to_uppercase();
+                            let unsupported =
+                                uppercase_key.contains("NUMPAD") || (cfg!(windows) && uppercase_key.contains("CMD"));
+                            if unsupported { None } else { Some((func, key)) }
                        }
                        _ => None,
                    }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 use tauri_plugin_updater::{Update, UpdaterExt as _};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub struct SilentUpdater {
    update_ready: AtomicBool,
@@ -55,8 +56,8 @@ impl SilentUpdater {
            .with_context(|| format!("failed to write update cache {}", bin_path.display()))?;

        let meta = UpdateCacheMeta {
-            version: version.to_string(),
-            downloaded_at: Utc::now().to_rfc3339(),
+            version: version.into(),
+            downloaded_at: Utc::now().to_rfc3339().into(),
        };
        let meta_path = cache_dir.join("pending_update.json");
        std::fs::write(&meta_path, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&meta)?)
@@ -133,9 +134,8 @@ fn verify_signature(app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle, bytes: &[u8], signature: &str
    use base64::Engine as _;

    let decode = |value: &str| -> Result<String> {
-        Ok(String::from_utf8(
-            base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.decode(value)?,
-        )?)
+        // from_utf8 exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+        Ok(std::string::String::from_utf8(base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.decode(value)?)?.into())
    };
    let config: tauri_plugin_updater::Config = serde_json::from_value(
        app_handle
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use scopeguard::defer;
 use serde::Serialize;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{
    fmt,
    hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash as _, Hasher as _},
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 use tauri_plugin_shell::ShellExt as _;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::core::handle;
@@ -114,14 +114,8 @@ impl fmt::Display for ValidationSkipReason {
 #[serde(tag = "status", rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub enum ValidationOutcome {
    Valid,
-    Invalid {
-        kind: ValidationErrorKind,
-        #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
-        message: String,
-    },
-    Skipped {
-        reason: ValidationSkipReason,
-    },
+    Invalid { kind: ValidationErrorKind, message: String },
+    Skipped { reason: ValidationSkipReason },
    Busy,
 }

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use crate::{
    utils::{dirs, help},
 };
 use serde_yaml_ng::Mapping;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ChainItem {
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub const HANDLE_FIELDS: [&str; 12] = [
    "mode",
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ use anyhow::{Context as _, Result};
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 type ResultLog = Vec<(String, String)>;
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use boa_engine::{Context, JsString, JsValue, Source, js_string, native_function:
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use serde_yaml_ng::Mapping;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 const MAX_OUTPUTS: usize = 1000;
 const MAX_OUTPUT_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 1024; // 1MB
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const MAX_LOOP_ITERATIONS: u64 = 10_000_000;
 const SCRIPT_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(5);

 type ScriptResult = (Mapping, Vec<String>, Vec<(String, String)>);
-type EvalOutcome = (Result<Mapping, std::string::String>, Vec<(String, String)>);
+type EvalOutcome = (Result<Mapping, String>, Vec<(String, String)>);

 /// Never fails: exceptions are logged and the input config is returned unchanged.
 pub(super) async fn use_script(script: String, config: Mapping, name: String) -> ScriptResult {
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ pub(super) async fn use_script(script: String, config: Mapping, name: String) ->
    let evaluated = AsyncHandler::spawn_blocking(move || eval_script(&script, &json, &name));
    let (outcome, mut logs) = match tokio::time::timeout(SCRIPT_TIMEOUT, evaluated).await {
        Ok(Ok(evaluated)) => evaluated,
-        Ok(Err(join_err)) => (Err(format!("script task panicked: {join_err}")), vec![]),
+        Ok(Err(join_err)) => (Err(format!("script task panicked: {join_err}").into()), vec![]),
        Err(_elapsed) => (
-            Err(format!("script execution timed out after {SCRIPT_TIMEOUT:?}")),
+            Err(format!("script execution timed out after {SCRIPT_TIMEOUT:?}").into()),
            vec![],
        ),
    };
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub(super) async fn use_script(script: String, config: Mapping, name: String) ->
            (result, changed_keys, logs)
        }
        Err(reason) => {
-            logs.push(("exception".into(), reason.into()));
+            logs.push(("exception".into(), reason));
            (config, vec![], logs)
        }
    }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn eval_script(script: &str, config_json: &str, name: &String) -> EvalOutcome {
    let outputs_clone = Arc::clone(&outputs);
    let total_size_clone = Arc::clone(&total_size);

-    let bail = |reason: std::string::String| (Err(reason), outputs.lock().to_vec());
+    let bail = |reason: String| (Err(reason), outputs.lock().to_vec());

    let _ = context.register_global_builtin_callable("__verge_log__".into(), 2, unsafe {
        NativeFunction::from_closure(move |_: &JsValue, args: &[JsValue], context: &mut Context| {
@@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ fn eval_script(script: &str, config_json: &str, name: &String) -> EvalOutcome {
        JsValue::from(JsString::from(config_json)),
        Attribute::all(),
    ) {
-        return bail(format!("failed to bind config for script: {err}"));
+        return bail(format!("failed to bind config for script: {err}").into());
    }

    // 仅处理 name 参数中的特殊字符
    let safe_name = escape_js_string_for_single_quote(name);
    if safe_name.len() > 1024 {
-        return bail("Name parameter too long".to_owned());
+        return bail("Name parameter too long".into());
    }

    let code = format!(
@@ -157,19 +157,19 @@ fn eval_script(script: &str, config_json: &str, name: &String) -> EvalOutcome {

    let result = match context.eval(Source::from_bytes(code.as_str())) {
        Ok(result) if result.is_string() => result,
-        _ => return bail("main function should return object".to_owned()),
+        _ => return bail("main function should return object".into()),
    };
    let result = match result.to_string(&mut context) {
        Ok(result) => result,
-        Err(e) => return bail(format!("Failed to convert JS result to string: {e}")),
+        Err(e) => return bail(format!("Failed to convert JS result to string: {e}").into()),
    };
    let result = match result.to_std_string() {
        Ok(result) => result,
-        Err(_) => return bail("Failed to convert JS string to std string".to_owned()),
+        Err(_) => return bail("Failed to convert JS string to std string".into()),
    };

    if result.len() > MAX_JSON_SIZE {
-        return bail("Script result exceeds maximum allowed size".to_owned());
+        return bail("Script result exceeds maximum allowed size".into());
    }

    match parse_json_safely(&result) {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ fn eval_script(script: &str, config_json: &str, name: &String) -> EvalOutcome {
                Type::Config,
                "Script execution error: {err:#}. Script name: {name}"
            );
-            bail("Script execution failed".to_owned())
+            bail("Script execution failed".into())
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Sequence, Value};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct SeqMap {
@@ -12,8 +13,8 @@ pub struct SeqMap {
 fn collect_proxy_names(seq: &Sequence) -> Vec<String> {
    seq.iter()
        .filter_map(|item| match item {
-            Value::Mapping(map) => map.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str).map(str::to_owned),
-            Value::String(name) => Some(name.to_owned()),
+            Value::Mapping(map) => map.get("name").and_then(Value::as_str).map(Into::into),
+            Value::String(name) => Some(name.to_owned().into()),
            _ => None,
        })
        .collect()
@@ -58,10 +59,10 @@ pub fn use_seq(seq: SeqMap, mut config: Mapping, field: &str) -> Mapping {
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|item| {
                if let Value::String(s) = item {
-                    !delete.contains(s)
+                    !delete.iter().any(|deleted| deleted == s)
                } else if let Value::Mapping(m) = item {
                    if let Some(Value::String(name)) = m.get("name") {
-                        !delete.contains(name)
+                        !delete.iter().any(|deleted| deleted == name)
                    } else {
                        true
                    }
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn use_seq(seq: SeqMap, mut config: Mapping, field: &str) -> Mapping {
                        .into_iter()
                        .filter(|p| {
                            if let Value::String(name) = p {
-                                !delete.contains(name)
+                                !delete.iter().any(|deleted| deleted == name)
                            } else {
                                true
                            }
@@ -119,12 +120,12 @@ pub fn use_seq(seq: SeqMap, mut config: Mapping, field: &str) -> Mapping {
                let mut seen_proxy_names = HashSet::new();
                for name in &added_proxy_names {
                    if seen_proxy_names.insert(name.clone()) {
-                        merged_proxies.push(Value::String(name.clone()));
+                        merged_proxies.push(Value::String(name.clone().into()));
                    }
                }
                for value in base_group_proxies {
                    if let Value::String(name) = &value
-                        && !seen_proxy_names.insert(name.to_owned())
+                        && !seen_proxy_names.insert(name.to_owned().into())
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ proxy-groups:
        let seq = SeqMap {
            prepend: Sequence::new(),
            append: Sequence::new(),
-            delete: vec!["proxy1".to_string()],
+            delete: vec!["proxy1".into()],
        };

        config = use_seq(seq, config, "proxies");
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ proxy-groups: "invalid"
        let seq = SeqMap {
            prepend: Sequence::new(),
            append: Sequence::new(),
-            delete: vec!["proxy1".to_string()],
+            delete: vec!["proxy1".into()],
        };

        config = use_seq(seq, config, "proxies");
@@ -12,17 +12,14 @@ use chrono::Utc;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
 use reqwest_dav::list_cmd::ListFile;
 use serde::Serialize;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use tokio::fs;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, specta::Type)]
 pub struct LocalBackupFile {
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    pub filename: String,
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    pub path: String,
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    pub last_modified: String,
    pub content_length: u64,
 }
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ use crate::{
 use bytes::BytesMut;
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
 use serde_yaml_ng::{Mapping, Value};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock};
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 static TLS_CONFIG: LazyLock<Arc<rustls::ClientConfig>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use std::{
    process::Command,
    sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
 };
+use tristr::alias::String;

 const RELEASE_VERSION_URL: &str = "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/mihomo/releases/latest/download/version.txt";
 const ALPHA_BASE_URL: &str = "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/mihomo/releases/download/Prerelease-Alpha";
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ pub async fn upgrade_core(force: bool) -> Result<CoreUpgradeReport> {
    // A core already broken by the in-place updater cannot report a version; upgrading is the repair.
    let installed = read_core_version(&target).unwrap_or_else(|error| {
        logging!(warn, Type::Core, "core upgrade: unreadable installed core: {error:#}");
-        std::string::String::new()
+        String::new()
    });

    let (proxy, latest) = resolve_latest_version(alpha).await?;
@@ -172,14 +173,15 @@ fn managed_core_path(core: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
 }

 /// Pins the package to the resolved version, so a release moving on mid-upgrade cannot 404.
-fn package_url(alpha: bool, version: &str) -> Result<std::string::String> {
+fn package_url(alpha: bool, version: &str) -> Result<String> {
    let asset = asset_base_name(alpha)?;
    let extension = if cfg!(windows) { "zip" } else { "gz" };
    Ok(if alpha {
        format!("{ALPHA_BASE_URL}/{asset}-{version}.{extension}")
    } else {
        format!("{RELEASE_DOWNLOAD_URL}/{version}/{asset}-{version}.{extension}")
-    })
+    }
+    .into())
 }

 /// Mirrors the asset map in `scripts/prebuild.mjs` so an upgrade keeps the build variant
@@ -218,11 +220,11 @@ fn asset_base_name(alpha: bool) -> Result<&'static str> {

 /// Returns the proxy that reached GitHub so the package download reuses it.
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, level = "debug", fields(alpha))]
-async fn resolve_latest_version(alpha: bool) -> Result<(ProxyType, std::string::String)> {
+async fn resolve_latest_version(alpha: bool) -> Result<(ProxyType, String)> {
    let url = if alpha {
-        format!("{ALPHA_BASE_URL}/version.txt")
+        String::from(format!("{ALPHA_BASE_URL}/version.txt"))
    } else {
-        RELEASE_VERSION_URL.to_owned()
+        String::from(RELEASE_VERSION_URL)
    };
    let mut last_error = None;

@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ async fn resolve_latest_version(alpha: bool) -> Result<(ProxyType, std::string::
        match attempt {
            Ok(response) if response.status().is_success() => {
                // An error page answered with 200 must not become a version, nor reach the URL.
-                let version = response.text().trim().to_owned();
+                let version = String::from(response.text().trim());
                if !is_usable_version(&version) {
                    logging!(
                        warn,
@@ -446,7 +448,7 @@ fn new_command(program: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Command {
 }

 /// Parses the version out of `Mihomo Meta v1.19.30 darwin arm64 with go1.22.12 ...`.
-fn read_core_version(path: &Path) -> Result<std::string::String> {
+fn read_core_version(path: &Path) -> Result<String> {
    let output = new_command(path)
        .arg("-v")
        .output()
@@ -456,11 +458,12 @@ fn read_core_version(path: &Path) -> Result<std::string::String> {
        bail!("{} -v exited with {}", path.display(), output.status);
    }

-    let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+    // from_utf8_lossy exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    let stdout = std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
    stdout
        .split_whitespace()
        .nth(2)
-        .map(str::to_owned)
+        .map(String::from)
        .with_context(|| format!("unexpected version output from {}: {stdout}", path.display()))
 }

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::core::notify::{Refresh, announce};
 use anyhow::{Result, ensure};
 use clash_verge_draft::DraftTransaction;
 use serde::Serialize;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 use crate::{
    config::{
@@ -19,10 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
 #[serde(tag = "status", rename_all = "snake_case")]
 pub enum DnsOverrideOutcome {
    Applied,
-    ConfirmationRequired {
-        #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
-        source: String,
-    },
+    ConfirmationRequired { source: String },
 }

 pub async fn set_dns_override(
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 use crate::{
-    cmd::{CmdResult, StringifyErr as _},
+    cmd::{CmdResult, CommandFailure, StringifyErr as _},
    utils::dirs::{self, PathBufExec as _},
 };
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
 use tokio::fs;
 use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize, specta::Type)]
 pub struct IconInfo {
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    name: String,
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    previous_t: String,
-    #[specta(type = std::string::String)]
    current_t: String,
 }

@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ fn ensure_icon_cache_target(icon_cache_dir: &Path, file_name: &str) -> CmdResult
    Ok(icon_path)
 }

-fn normalized_text_prefix(content: &[u8]) -> std::string::String {
+fn normalized_text_prefix(content: &[u8]) -> String {
    let content = content.strip_prefix(&[0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF]).unwrap_or(content);
    let start = content
        .iter()
@@ -51,7 +48,8 @@ fn normalized_text_prefix(content: &[u8]) -> std::string::String {
        .unwrap_or(content.len());
    let end = content.len().min(start.saturating_add(2048));
    let prefix = &content[start..end];
-    std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix).to_ascii_lowercase()
+    // from_utf8_lossy exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix).to_ascii_lowercase().into()
 }

 fn looks_like_html(content: &[u8]) -> bool {
@@ -95,7 +93,10 @@ pub async fn download_icon_cache(url: String, name: String) -> CmdResult<String>

    if !is_supported_icon_content(&content) {
        let _ = temp_path.remove_if_exists().await;
-        return Err(format!("Downloaded content is not a valid image: {}", url.as_str()).into());
+        return Err(CommandFailure::plain(format!(
+            "Downloaded content is not a valid image: {}",
+            url.as_str()
+        )));
    }

    {
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ pub async fn copy_icon_file(path: String, icon_info: IconInfo) -> CmdResult<Stri

        match fs::copy(file_path, &dest_path).await {
            Ok(_) => Ok(dest_path.to_string_lossy().into()),
-            Err(err) => Err(err.to_string().into()),
+            Err(err) => Err(CommandFailure::plain(err)),
        }
    } else {
        Err("file not found".into())
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use clash_verge_logging::{Type, logging, logging_error};
-use smartstring::alias::String;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 /// Toggle proxy profile
 pub async fn toggle_proxy_profile(profile_index: String) {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ pub async fn update_profile(uid: &String, option: Option<&PrfOption>, is_mannual
                };
                let message = mask_err(&message);
                let message = if profile_persisted {
-                    format!("订阅已保存，但未能确认已应用到内核: {message}")
+                    format!("订阅已保存，但未能确认已应用到内核: {message}").into()
                } else {
                    message
                };
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::cmd;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub fn builder() -> tauri_specta::Builder<tauri::Wry> {
    tauri_specta::Builder::new()
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ pub struct WebDavFile {
 impl From<reqwest_dav::list_cmd::ListFile> for WebDavFile {
    fn from(file: reqwest_dav::list_cmd::ListFile) -> Self {
        Self {
-            href: file.href,
+            href: file.href.into(),
            last_modified: file.last_modified,
        }
    }
@@ -148,20 +149,20 @@ pub struct IpAddress {
 impl From<network_interface::NetworkInterface> for NetworkInterfaceView {
    fn from(interface: network_interface::NetworkInterface) -> Self {
        Self {
-            name: interface.name,
+            name: interface.name.into(),
            addr: interface
                .addr
                .into_iter()
                .map(|address| match address {
                    network_interface::Addr::V4(address) => InterfaceAddress::V4(IpAddress {
-                        ip: address.ip.to_string(),
+                        ip: address.ip.to_string().into(),
                    }),
                    network_interface::Addr::V6(address) => InterfaceAddress::V6(IpAddress {
-                        ip: address.ip.to_string(),
+                        ip: address.ip.to_string().into(),
                    }),
                })
                .collect(),
-            mac_addr: interface.mac_addr,
+            mac_addr: interface.mac_addr.map(Into::into),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::{
    str::FromStr,
 };
 use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt as _;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub async fn read_yaml<T: DeserializeOwned>(path: &Path) -> Result<T> {
    if !tokio::fs::try_exists(path).await.unwrap_or(false) {
@@ -34,12 +35,13 @@ pub async fn read_mapping(path: &Path) -> Result<Mapping> {
    let bytes = tokio::fs::read(path)
        .await
        .with_context(|| format!("failed to read the file \"{}\"", path.display()))?;
-    let yaml_str =
-        String::from_utf8(bytes).with_context(|| format!("failed to read the file \"{}\"", path.display()))?;
+    // from_utf8 exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    let yaml_str = std::string::String::from_utf8(bytes)
+        .with_context(|| format!("failed to read the file \"{}\"", path.display()))?;
    let label = path.to_path_buf();

    // Parsing a multi-megabyte profile is pure CPU; keep it off the async worker.
-    AsyncHandler::spawn_blocking(move || parse_mapping(yaml_str, label))
+    AsyncHandler::spawn_blocking(move || parse_mapping(yaml_str.into(), label))
        .await
        .map_err(|join| anyhow!("yaml parse task failed: {join}"))?
 }
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ const ALPHABET: [char; 62] = [

 pub fn get_uid(prefix: &str) -> String {
    let id = nanoid!(11, &ALPHABET);
-    format!("{prefix}{id}")
+    format!("{prefix}{id}").into()
 }

 pub fn parse_str<T: FromStr>(target: &str, key: &str) -> Option<T> {
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ pub fn mask_url(url: &str) -> String {
    let scheme_and_host = &path_part[..host_end];
    let path = &path_part[host_end..]; // starts with '/' or empty

-    let mut result = scheme_and_host.to_owned();
+    let mut result: String = scheme_and_host.into();

    if !path.is_empty() {
        let masked: Vec<&str> = path
@@ -186,8 +188,8 @@ pub fn mask_url(url: &str) -> String {
        let masked_query: Vec<String> = query
            .split('&')
            .map(|param| match param.find('=') {
-                Some(eq) => format!("{}=***", &param[..eq]),
-                None => param.to_owned(),
+                Some(eq) => format!("{}=***", &param[..eq]).into(),
+                None => param.into(),
            })
            .collect();
        result.push_str(&masked_query.join("&"));
@@ -198,7 +200,8 @@ pub fn mask_url(url: &str) -> String {

 /// Masks every HTTP(S) URL embedded in a log string while preserving surrounding text.
 pub fn mask_err(err: &str) -> String {
-    let mut result = String::with_capacity(err.len());
+    // with_capacity exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    let mut result = std::string::String::with_capacity(err.len());
    let mut remaining = err;

    loop {
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ pub fn mask_err(err: &str) -> String {
        remaining = &remaining[url_end..];
    }

-    result
+    result.into()
 }

 pub fn get_last_part_and_decode(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
@@ -235,7 +238,8 @@ pub fn get_last_part_and_decode(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
    Some(
        percent_encoding::percent_decode_str(last_segment)
            .decode_utf8_lossy()
-            .to_string(),
+            .to_string()
+            .into(),
    )
 }

@@ -277,15 +281,15 @@ pub fn linux_elevator() -> String {
        Ok(output) => {
            if !output.stdout.is_empty() {
                if let Ok(path) = std::str::from_utf8(&output.stdout) {
-                    path.trim().to_string()
+                    path.trim().into()
                } else {
-                    "sudo".to_string()
+                    "sudo".into()
                }
            } else {
-                "sudo".to_string()
+                "sudo".into()
            }
        }
-        Err(_) => "sudo".to_string(),
+        Err(_) => "sudo".into(),
    }
 }

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::env;
 use std::fs;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub fn ensure_mimeapps_entries(desktop_file: &str, schemes: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
    let Some(path) = mimeapps_list_path() else {
@@ -46,19 +47,19 @@ pub fn ensure_mimeapps_entries(desktop_file: &str, schemes: &[&str]) -> Result<(
            if trimmed.eq_ignore_ascii_case("[Default Applications]") {
                default_present = true;
                current_section = Some(SectionKind::DefaultApplications);
-                output_lines.push("[Default Applications]".to_string());
+                output_lines.push("[Default Applications]".into());
                continue;
            } else if trimmed.eq_ignore_ascii_case("[Added Associations]") {
                current_section = Some(SectionKind::AddedAssociations);
-                output_lines.push("[Added Associations]".to_string());
+                output_lines.push("[Added Associations]".into());
                continue;
            }
        }

        if current_section.is_some() {
-            section_buffer.push(line.to_string());
+            section_buffer.push(line.into());
        } else {
-            output_lines.push(line.to_string());
+            output_lines.push(line.into());
        }
    }

@@ -78,9 +79,9 @@ pub fn ensure_mimeapps_entries(desktop_file: &str, schemes: &[&str]) -> Result<(
        if output_lines.last().is_some_and(|line| !line.is_empty()) {
            output_lines.push(String::new());
        }
-        output_lines.push("[Default Applications]".to_string());
+        output_lines.push("[Default Applications]".into());
        for &scheme in schemes {
-            output_lines.push(format!("x-scheme-handler/{scheme}={desktop_file};"));
+            output_lines.push(format!("x-scheme-handler/{scheme}={desktop_file};").into());
        }
    }

@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ fn flush_section(
                .split(';')
                .filter_map(|value| {
                    let trimmed = value.trim();
-                    (!trimmed.is_empty()).then(|| trimmed.to_string())
+                    (!trimmed.is_empty()).then(|| trimmed.into())
                })
                .collect();

@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ fn flush_section(
                    .split(';')
                    .filter_map(|value| {
                        let trimmed = value.trim();
-                        (!trimmed.is_empty()).then(|| trimmed.to_string())
+                        (!trimmed.is_empty()).then(|| trimmed.into())
                    })
                    .collect();

@@ -203,10 +204,10 @@ fn flush_section(
                        merged_values.insert(0, moved);
                    }
                } else {
-                    merged_values.insert(0, desktop_file.to_string());
+                    merged_values.insert(0, desktop_file.into());
                }

-                let mut merged_line = format!("{existing_prefix}x-scheme-handler/{scheme}=");
+                let mut merged_line: String = format!("{existing_prefix}x-scheme-handler/{scheme}=").into();
                merged_line.push_str(&merged_values.join(";"));
                merged_line.push(';');

@@ -222,16 +223,16 @@ fn flush_section(
            if let Some(pos) = values.iter().position(|value| value == desktop_file) {
                if pos != 0 {
                    values.remove(pos);
-                    values.insert(0, desktop_file.to_string());
+                    values.insert(0, desktop_file.into());
                    *changed = true;
                }
            } else {
-                values.insert(0, desktop_file.to_string());
+                values.insert(0, desktop_file.into());
                *changed = true;
            }

            let prefix = line.chars().take_while(|c| c.is_whitespace()).collect::<String>();
-            let mut new_line = format!("{prefix}x-scheme-handler/{scheme}=");
+            let mut new_line: String = format!("{prefix}x-scheme-handler/{scheme}=").into();
            new_line.push_str(&values.join(";"));
            new_line.push(';');

@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ fn flush_section(
    if ensure_all {
        for &scheme in schemes {
            if !seen.contains_key(scheme) {
-                processed.push(format!("x-scheme-handler/{scheme}={desktop_file};"));
+                processed.push(format!("x-scheme-handler/{scheme}={desktop_file};").into());
                *changed = true;
            }
        }
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ use reqwest::{
    Client, Proxy, StatusCode,
    header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, USER_AGENT},
 };
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 use sysproxy::Sysproxy;
 use tauri::Url;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct HttpResponse {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl NetworkManager {

    fn build_client(
        &self,
-        proxy_url: Option<std::string::String>,
+        proxy_url: Option<String>,
        default_headers: HeaderMap,
        accept_invalid_certs: bool,
        timeout_secs: Option<u64>,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl NetworkManager {

        // 设置代理
        if let Some(proxy_str) = proxy_url {
-            let proxy = Proxy::all(proxy_str)?;
+            let proxy = Proxy::all(proxy_str.as_str())?;
            builder = builder.proxy(proxy);
        } else {
            builder = builder.no_proxy();
@@ -226,15 +226,15 @@ impl NetworkManager {
        accept_invalid_certs: bool,
        tls_root_mode: TlsRootMode,
    ) -> Result<Client> {
-        let proxy_url: Option<std::string::String> = match proxy_type {
+        let proxy_url: Option<String> = match proxy_type {
            ProxyType::None => None,
            ProxyType::Localhost => {
                let port = MixedPort::desired().await;
-                Some(format!("http://127.0.0.1:{port}"))
+                Some(format!("http://127.0.0.1:{port}").into())
            }
            ProxyType::System => {
                if let Ok(p @ Sysproxy { enable: true, .. }) = Sysproxy::get_system_proxy() {
-                    Some(format!("http://{}:{}", p.host, p.port))
+                    Some(format!("http://{}:{}", p.host, p.port).into())
                } else {
                    None
                }
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use crate::core::notify::NoticeStatus;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use percent_encoding::percent_decode_str;
-use smartstring::alias::String;
 use tauri::Url;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 use crate::{
    config::{Config, PrfItem, profiles},
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub(super) async fn resolve_scheme(param: &str) -> Result<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

-fn extract_subscription_info(link_parsed: &Url) -> Option<(std::string::String, Option<String>)> {
+fn extract_subscription_info(link_parsed: &Url) -> Option<(String, Option<String>)> {
    if !matches!(link_parsed.scheme(), "clash" | "clash-verge") {
        return None;
    }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ fn extract_subscription_info(link_parsed: &Url) -> Option<(std::string::String,
    Some((url, name))
 }

-fn extract_subscription_url(link_parsed: &Url) -> Option<std::string::String> {
+fn extract_subscription_url(link_parsed: &Url) -> Option<String> {
    let query = link_parsed.query()?;
    let prefix = "url=";
    let pos = query.find(prefix)?;
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ fn extract_subscription_url(link_parsed: &Url) -> Option<std::string::String> {
    Some(decode_subscription_url(raw_url))
 }

-fn decode_subscription_url(raw_url: &str) -> std::string::String {
+fn decode_subscription_url(raw_url: &str) -> String {
    // Avoid double-decoding nested subscription URLs; decode only when needed.
    if Url::parse(raw_url).is_ok() {
-        return raw_url.to_string();
+        return String::from(raw_url);
    }

-    let mut candidate = raw_url.to_string();
+    let mut candidate = String::from(raw_url);
    for _ in 0..2 {
-        let next = percent_decode_str(&candidate).decode_utf8_lossy().to_string();
+        let next = String::from(percent_decode_str(&candidate).decode_utf8_lossy());
        if next == candidate {
            break;
        }
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::os::windows::process::CommandExt as _;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::{Command, Output};
+use tristr::alias::String;
 use windows::Win32::Globalization::{GetACP, GetOEMCP, MULTI_BYTE_TO_WIDE_CHAR_FLAGS, MultiByteToWideChar};

 const CREATE_NO_WINDOW: u32 = 0x08000000;
@@ -72,11 +73,11 @@ fn get_task_user_id() -> Result<String> {
    if let Some(domain) = domain {
        let domain = domain.trim();
        if !domain.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(format!("{domain}\\{username}"));
+            return Ok(format!("{domain}\\{username}").into());
        }
    }

-    Ok(username.to_string())
+    Ok(username.into())
 }

 fn get_startup_dir() -> Result<PathBuf> {
@@ -118,7 +119,8 @@ fn task_xml_path(mode: TaskMode) -> Result<PathBuf> {
 }

 fn xml_escape(value: &str) -> String {
-    let mut escaped = String::with_capacity(value.len());
+    // Per-char pushes must stay on the std String: TriStr growth re-materializes per push.
+    let mut escaped = std::string::String::with_capacity(value.len());
    for ch in value.chars() {
        match ch {
            '&' => escaped.push_str("&amp;"),
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ fn xml_escape(value: &str) -> String {
            _ => escaped.push(ch),
        }
    }
-    escaped
+    escaped.into()
 }

 fn build_task_xml(mode: TaskMode) -> Result<String> {
@@ -182,7 +184,8 @@ fn build_task_xml(mode: TaskMode) -> Result<String> {
        user_id,
        mode.xml_run_level(),
        exe_path
-    ))
+    )
+    .into())
 }

 fn encode_utf16le_with_bom(content: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
@@ -226,12 +229,13 @@ fn decode_with_code_page(bytes: &[u8], code_page: u32) -> Option<String> {
    }

    wide.truncate(written as usize);
-    Some(String::from_utf16_lossy(&wide))
+    // from_utf16_lossy exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    Some(std::string::String::from_utf16_lossy(&wide).into())
 }

 fn decode_console_output(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    if let Ok(text) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes) {
-        return text.to_string();
+        return text.into();
    }

    let oem = unsafe { GetOEMCP() };
@@ -244,7 +248,8 @@ fn decode_console_output(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
        return text;
    }

-    String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes).to_string()
+    // from_utf8_lossy exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    std::string::String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes).into()
 }

 fn output_message(output: &Output) -> String {
@@ -254,10 +259,10 @@ fn output_message(output: &Output) -> String {
    let stderr = stderr.trim();

    match (stdout.is_empty(), stderr.is_empty()) {
-        (true, true) => "unknown error".to_string(),
-        (false, true) => stdout.to_string(),
-        (true, false) => stderr.to_string(),
-        (false, false) => format!("{stdout} | {stderr}"),
+        (true, true) => "unknown error".into(),
+        (false, true) => stdout.into(),
+        (true, false) => stderr.into(),
+        (false, false) => format!("{stdout} | {stderr}").into(),
    }
 }

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+use tristr::alias::String;
 use warp::Filter as _;

 const INSTANCE_TOKEN_HEADER: &str = "x-instance-token";
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ async fn notify_existing_instance(record: &InstanceRecord) -> bool {
    let request = client.get(format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}/commands/visible", record.port));

    request
-        .header(INSTANCE_TOKEN_HEADER, &record.token)
+        .header(INSTANCE_TOKEN_HEADER, record.token.as_str())
        .send()
        .await
        .is_ok_and(|response| response.status().is_success())
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_yaml_ng::Result;
+use tristr::alias::String;

 pub fn to_mihomo_config_string<T: Serialize>(data: &T) -> Result<String> {
    let yaml = serde_yaml_ng::to_string(data)?;
@@ -7,7 +8,8 @@ pub fn to_mihomo_config_string<T: Serialize>(data: &T) -> Result<String> {
 }

 fn quote_fake_ip_filter_wildcards(yaml: &str) -> String {
-    let mut result = String::with_capacity(yaml.len());
+    // with_capacity exists only on the std String type; the tristr alias shadows the bare name.
+    let mut result = std::string::String::with_capacity(yaml.len());
    let mut in_fake_ip_filter = false;
    let mut fake_ip_filter_indent = 0;

@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ fn quote_fake_ip_filter_wildcards(yaml: &str) -> String {
        result.push('\n');
    }

-    result
+    result.into()
 }

 fn leading_spaces(line: &str) -> usize {
@@ -50,12 +52,12 @@ fn quote_wildcard_item(item: &str) -> String {
    if !item.starts_with('\"') && !item.starts_with('\'') && contains_wildcard(item) {
        quote_string(item)
    } else {
-        item.to_string()
+        item.into()
    }
 }

 fn quote_string(s: &str) -> String {
-    "\'".to_string() + s.replace('\'', "''").as_str() + "\'"
+    ("\'".to_string() + s.replace('\'', "''").as_str() + "\'").into()
 }

 fn contains_wildcard(value: &str) -> bool {
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { Button, ButtonGroup } from '@mui/material'
+
+interface Props {
+  value?: string
+  onChange?: (value: string) => void
+}
+
+export const DnsModeSwitch = (props: Props) => {
+  const { value, onChange } = props
+
+  return (
+    <ButtonGroup size="small" sx={{ my: '4px' }}>
+      <Button
+        variant={!value ? 'contained' : 'outlined'}
+        onClick={() => onChange?.('')}
+        sx={{ textTransform: 'capitalize' }}
+      >
+        Auto
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        variant={value === 'disabled' ? 'contained' : 'outlined'}
+        onClick={() => onChange?.('disabled')}
+        sx={{ textTransform: 'capitalize' }}
+      >
+        Disabled
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        variant={value === 'native' ? 'contained' : 'outlined'}
+        onClick={() => onChange?.('native')}
+        sx={{ textTransform: 'capitalize' }}
+      >
+        Native
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        variant={value === 'hijack' ? 'contained' : 'outlined'}
+        onClick={() => onChange?.('hijack')}
+        sx={{ textTransform: 'capitalize' }}
+      >
+        Hijack
+      </Button>
+    </ButtonGroup>
+  )
+}
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import { showNotice } from '@/services/notice-service'
 import getSystem from '@/utils/get-system'
 import { areValidIpCidrs } from '@/utils/network'

+import { DnsModeSwitch } from './dns-mode-switch'
 import { StackModeSwitch } from './stack-mode-switch'

 const OS = getSystem()
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ export function TunViewer({ ref }: { ref?: Ref<DialogRef> }) {
    dnsHijack: ['any:53'],
    strictRoute: false,
    mtu: 1500,
+    dnsMode: '',
  })

  const routeExcludeAddressItems = splitRouteExcludeAddress(
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ export function TunViewer({ ref }: { ref?: Ref<DialogRef> }) {
        dnsHijack: clash?.tun['dns-hijack'] ?? ['any:53'],
        strictRoute: clash?.tun['strict-route'] ?? false,
        mtu: clash?.tun.mtu ?? 1500,
+        dnsMode: clash?.tun['dns-mode'] ?? '',
      })
    },
    close: () => setOpen(false),
@@ -117,6 +120,7 @@ export function TunViewer({ ref }: { ref?: Ref<DialogRef> }) {
          : {}),
        'auto-detect-interface': values.autoDetectInterface,
        'dns-hijack': values.dnsHijack[0] === '' ? [] : values.dnsHijack,
+        'dns-mode': values.dnsMode,
        'strict-route': values.strictRoute,
        mtu: values.mtu ?? 1500,
      }
@@ -163,6 +167,7 @@ export function TunViewer({ ref }: { ref?: Ref<DialogRef> }) {
                'auto-detect-interface': true,
                'dns-hijack': ['any:53'],
                'route-exclude-address': [],
+                'dns-mode': '',
                'strict-route': false,
                mtu: 1500,
              }
@@ -176,6 +181,7 @@ export function TunViewer({ ref }: { ref?: Ref<DialogRef> }) {
                dnsHijack: ['any:53'],
                strictRoute: false,
                mtu: 1500,
+                dnsMode: '',
              })
              await patchClash({ tun })
              await mutateClash(
@@ -212,6 +218,25 @@ export function TunViewer({ ref }: { ref?: Ref<DialogRef> }) {
          />
        </ListItem>

+        <ListItem sx={{ padding: '5px 2px' }}>
+          <ListItemText
+            primary={t('settings.modals.tun.fields.dnsMode')}
+            sx={{ maxWidth: 'fit-content' }}
+          />
+          <TooltipIcon
+            title={t('settings.modals.tun.tooltips.dnsMode')}
+            sx={{ opacity: 0.7 }}
+          />
+          <Box sx={{ marginLeft: 'auto' }}>
+            <DnsModeSwitch
+              value={values.dnsMode}
+              onChange={(value) => {
+                setValues((v) => ({ ...v, dnsMode: value }))
+              }}
+            />
+          </Box>
+        </ListItem>
+
        <ListItem sx={{ padding: '5px 2px' }}>
          <ListItemText primary={t('settings.modals.tun.fields.device')} />
          <TextField
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "توجيه صارم",
        "autoDetectInterface": "الكشف التلقائي عن الواجهة",
        "dnsHijack": "اختطاف DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "وضع DNS",
        "mtu": "وحدة الإرسال القصوى",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Please use , to separate multiple DNS servers",
+        "dnsMode": "يحافظ Auto على السلوك القديم؛ يتطلب hijack تفعيل توجيه صارم على Windows أو Auto Redirect على Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatically configures nftables/iptables TCP redirects"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "Strenges Routing",
        "autoDetectInterface": "Netzwerkschnittstelle automatisch auswählen",
        "dnsHijack": "DNS-Hijacking",
+        "dnsMode": "DNS-Modus",
        "mtu": "Maximale Übertragungseinheit",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatische Umleitung"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Mehrere DNS-Server durch Kommas trennen",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto behält das alte Verhalten bei; hijack erfordert Strenges Routing unter Windows oder Automatische Umleitung unter Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Richtet TCP-Umleitungen per nftables/iptables automatisch ein"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "Strict Route",
        "autoDetectInterface": "Auto Detect Interface",
        "dnsHijack": "DNS Hijack",
+        "dnsMode": "DNS Mode",
        "mtu": "Max Transmission Unit",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Please use , to separate multiple DNS servers",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto keeps the legacy behavior; hijack requires Strict Route on Windows or Auto Redirect on Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatically configures nftables/iptables TCP redirects"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "Enrutamiento estricto",
        "autoDetectInterface": "Detectar automáticamente la interfaz de salida del tráfico",
        "dnsHijack": "Secuestro de DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "Modo DNS",
        "mtu": "Unidad máxima de transmisión",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Please use , to separate multiple DNS servers",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto mantiene el comportamiento anterior; hijack requiere Enrutamiento estricto en Windows o Auto Redirect en Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatically configures nftables/iptables TCP redirects"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "مسیر دقیق",
        "autoDetectInterface": "تشخیص خودکار رابط",
        "dnsHijack": "ربایش DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "حالت DNS",
        "mtu": "واحد حداکثر انتقال",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "لطفا برای جدا کردن چندین سرور DNS از , استفاده کنید.",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto رفتار قدیمی را حفظ می‌کند؛ hijack در ویندوز نیاز به مسیر دقیق یا در لینوکس نیاز به Auto Redirect دارد",
        "autoRedirect": "پیکربندی خودکار ریدایرکت‌های TCP در nftables/iptables"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "Rute Ketat",
        "autoDetectInterface": "Deteksi Antarmuka Otomatis",
        "dnsHijack": "Pembajakan DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "Mode DNS",
        "mtu": "Unit Transmisi Maksimum",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Please use , to separate multiple DNS servers",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto mempertahankan perilaku lama; hijack memerlukan Rute Ketat di Windows atau Auto Redirect di Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatically configures nftables/iptables TCP redirects"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "厳格なルート",
        "autoDetectInterface": "トラフィックの出口インターフェースを自動選択",
        "dnsHijack": "DNSハイジャック",
+        "dnsMode": "DNSモード",
        "mtu": "最大転送単位",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Please use , to separate multiple DNS servers",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto は従来の動作を維持します。hijack には Windows で厳格なルートまたは Linux で Auto Redirect が必要です",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatically configures nftables/iptables TCP redirects"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "엄격 라우팅",
        "autoDetectInterface": "인터페이스 자동 감지",
        "dnsHijack": "DNS 하이재킹",
+        "dnsMode": "DNS 모드",
        "mtu": "MTU",
        "autoRedirect": "Auto Redirect"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "여러 DNS 서버는 쉼표(,)로 구분하세요",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto는 기존 동작을 유지합니다. hijack은 Windows에서 엄격 라우팅 또는 Linux에서 Auto Redirect가 필요합니다",
        "autoRedirect": "Automatically configures nftables/iptables TCP redirects"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "Rota Estrita",
        "autoDetectInterface": "Detectar Interface Automaticamente",
        "dnsHijack": "Sequestro de DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "Modo DNS",
        "mtu": "Unidade Máxima de Transmissão",
        "autoRedirect": "Redirecionamento Automático"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Use , para separar vários servidores DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto mantém o comportamento antigo; hijack requer Rota Estrita no Windows ou Redirecionamento Automático no Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Configura automaticamente os redirecionamentos TCP do nftables/iptables"
      },
      "messages": {
@@ -495,11 +495,13 @@
        "strictRoute": "Строгая маршрутизация",
        "autoDetectInterface": "Автоопределение интерфейса",
        "dnsHijack": "Перехват DNS",
+        "dnsMode": "Режим DNS",
        "mtu": "MTU",
        "autoRedirect": "Автоматическое перенаправление"
      },
      "tooltips": {
        "dnsHijack": "Используйте запятую для разделения нескольких DNS-серверов",
+        "dnsMode": "Auto сохраняет прежнее поведение; для hijack нужна Строгая маршрутизация в Windows или Автоматическое перенаправление в Linux",
        "autoRedirect": "Автоматически настраивает перенаправление TCP через nftables/iptables"
      },
      "messages": {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
TungliesandGLM-5.3	010c037dde	refactor: replace smartstring with tristr across the codebase Co-authored-by: GLM-5.3 <glm@z.ai>	2026-10-27 06:55:10 +08:00
TungliesandGLM-5.3	e017d4d9d4	refactor: replace smartstring with tristr across the codebase Co-authored-by: GLM-5.3 <glm@z.ai>	2026-10-27 06:47:53 +08:00
❤是纱雾酱哟～andrenovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	10ca0a5d0c	chore(deps): update npm dependencies (#8421 ) Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-10-25 16:24:26 +00:00
❤是纱雾酱哟～andrenovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	324c8c9016	chore(deps): update dependency pnpm to v12.15.0 (#8418 ) Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-10-25 15:35:18 +00:00
oomeow	02520d7392	fix(tray): skip Win-key accelerators on Windows (#8400 )	2026-10-25 09:34:09 +00:00
Tunglies	5b8edbaead	feat(tun): expose mihomo tun dns-mode in TUN settings Support the dns-mode field introduced in mihomo v1.19.33. A button group below the stack selector offers Auto/Disabled/Native/Hijack; Auto writes an empty string, which the core treats as the legacy behavior. Adding dns-mode to GUI_KEYS makes the value GUI-authoritative once saved, matching the other TUN dialog fields.	2026-10-25 16:04:59 +08:00
Tunglies	1ed8050947	fix(perf): auto-derive WebDriver window rect scale in harness	2026-10-25 13:14:14 +08:00
❤是纱雾酱哟～	3d9a79a3fb	fix(windows): patch executable for common-controls-v6 (#8378 ) - Enhance patch logic, also patch for "example" executables Signed-off-by: ❤是纱雾酱哟～ <49941141+Dragon1573@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-10-22 09:59:10 +00:00
❤是纱雾酱哟～andrenovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	8b88ddb7f2	chore(deps): update node.js to v24.22.1 (#8389 ) Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-10-21 17:25:15 +00:00
Tunglies	02bd739ab6	docs: clarify issue and PR intake rules	2026-10-21 19:36:50 +08:00
renovate[bot]renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>Tunglies	b6c7af82a7	chore(deps): update tauri (#8346 ) * chore(deps): update tauri * fix(deps): pin rust-ini to 0.21.1 for tauri-plugin-deep-link 2.6.2 tauri-plugin-deep-link 2.6.2 constructs ini::ParseOption with an exhaustive struct literal, which fails to compile against rust-ini 0.21.2+ (new required fields enabled_indented_mutiline_value and enabled_preserve_key_leading_whitespace, E0063 on linux). Upstream fixed it in tauri-apps/plugins-workspace#3711 with ..Default::default() but no release contains the fix yet, so downgrade rust-ini in Cargo.lock until deep-link 2.6.3 ships. --------- Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Tunglies <77394545+Tunglies@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-10-21 08:25:55 +00:00